1.
What is the function of:
a. Miniature circulatory system
b. ATP or where energy is made
c. Protein factory
d. Contains RNA
e. Provides support
f. Suicide Bag
g. Glycoprotein formation
h. Protein Factory
2. The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is the cell.
Label the Parts of the Cell
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Nucleus
Microtuble
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Peroxisomes
Microfilament
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Golgi Body
Cell Membrane
Centriole
3. Describe each of these:
a. Phagocytosis – movement of large particles into the cell (type of endocytosis)
b. Pinocytosis – movement of liquid into the cell (type of endocytosis)
c. Facilitated Diffusion – movement from high to low concentration with the aid of a globular
protein.
d. Exocytosis – movement of particles out of the cell
4. Active transport is movement from low to high and requires energy (glucose from the
bloodstream to the live). Passive transport is movement from high to low and does not require
energy (most glucose moves in this way).
5. The cell membrane is made of phospholipids (phosphate heads and lipid tails). It controls the
passage of materials.
6. Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration across the cell
membrane. Osmosis is the movement of water across the cell membrane.
7. Interphase – cell is preparing for division (DNA is replicated).
Prophase – Chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes, nuclear membrane breaks
down, nucleolus disappears, centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell, and microtubules
form spindle fibers that attach to the centrioles.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Metaphase – Chromosomes align in the center of the cell and attach to the spindle fibers by
their centromeres.
Anaphase – Centromeres separate and chomatids move to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase – Like prophase in reverse (chromosomes uncoil, nuclear membrane reappears,
nucleoli becomes visible again, and spindle fibers break down).
Cytokinesis – Cell membrane pinches in on itself until 2 new daughter cells are formed.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase (See above for main events that occur in each
phase of mitosis).
Centrioles organize spindle fibers and the spindle allows for chromosome attachment.
Chromosomes are rod-like structures in the nucleus. Chromatin is DNA and complex protein
that condenses to form chromosomes and chromatids are ½ of the replicated chromosomes.
Mitosis is division of body cells. Meiosis is creation of sex cells (egg and sperm).
2 daughter cells at the end of mitosis with 46 chromosomes in each.
4 daughter cells at the end of meiosis with 23 chromosome in each.
1 egg and 4 sperm
Hypertonic – cell will shrink (concentration of water is greater inside the cell than outside the
cell).
Hyoptonic – cell will swell (concentration of water is greater outside the cell than inside the cell).
Isotonic – cell will remain the same (concentration of water inside is equal to the concentration
of water outside).