INDUS RIVER SYSTEM AUTHORITY
S.N: 01
(IRSA)
“Inter Provincial Water Distribution
and the Need for Reservoirs”
Rao Irshad Ali Khan
Member IRSA Punjab
December 19, 2014
Presentation to LEAD Pakistan’s
F-7 Markaz, Islamabad
WATER SCENARIO, 1947 - 1960
S.N: 02
1. At Independence, river inflow in Pakistan was 167 MAF (Western Rivers
: Indus, Jhelum & Chenab + Eastern Rivers :Ravi, Sutlej & Beas)
2. Total irrigated land in Pakistan was 26 million acres against potential
irrigable land of 77.1 million acres.
3. In 1947, partition/territorial division took place. All upstream control
structures on Ravi, Beas and Sutlej fell in Indian Territory. Pakistan
became a lower riparian.
4. In 1948, water flowing to Pakistan from Eastern rivers was stopped.
5. Twelve years of dispute settlement under the aegis of World Bank.
6. Initial effort was for co-operative use. Ultimately division of waters
7. For Pakistan: Indus, Jhelum and Chenab. For India: Ravi, Sutlej and Beas.
Transfer of Water from Western to Eastern rivers was necessitated.
3
The Water Agreements
Indus Waters Treaty 1960
Water Apportionment Accord 1991
S.N: 03
Inter-provincial Water Dispute
S.N: 04
The Inter-provincial dispute on Water
Distribution was initiated during the
construction of two mega Irrigation
Projects i.e.
Sutlej Valley Canal Project
Sukkur Barrage
1932
1935
Committees / commissions
S.N: 05
1937
Anderson Committee
1945
Rau Commission
1968
Akhtar Hussain Committee
1970
Fazal-e-Akbar Committee
1976
Indus Waters Commission (Anwar-ul-Haq
Commission)
1983
Haleem Commission
1991
Water Accord
Irrigation Network of Pakistan
S.N: 06
 Major Storage Reservoirs (No.)
=
3
 Storage Capacity (MAF)
=
14.2
 Barrages (No.)
=
19
 Inter-River Link Canals (No.)
=
12
 Canal Commands (No.)
=
52
 Total length of Irrigation Canals
=
38,000 Miles
 Canal withdrawals capacity
=
290,000 Cs
 Watercourses (No.)
=
107,000
Indus Basin Water Requirements
S.N: 07
Province
Main Canal
Systems (No.)
Command Area
(M. Acres)
Punjab
25
21.0
Sindh
15
12.8
KPK
10
0.73
Balochistan
2
0.97
Total
52
35.50
Indus
Tarbela
S.N: 08
Jhelum
Mangla
Kabul
Chenab
Ravi
KPK CRBC
Sutlej
C-J
Chashma
T-P
Balochistan Canals
Legend
Sindh Barrages
Punjab Barrages
Reservoirs
Major Rivers
Rim Stations:
Indus @ Tarbela
Kabul @ Nowshera
Jhelum @ Mangla
Chenab @ Marala
9
Water Account
S.N: 09
Post Tarbela Average (1976.77 to 2013.14)
(MAF)
Western River
138.12
Eastern River
6.61
Total Western & Eastern River
144.73
Provincial Utilization
96.91
System Losses
-17.93
* D/S Kotri
29.89
* Required D/S Kotri 8.6 MAF
Western & Eastern River
Post Tarbela (1976.77 to 2013.14)
S.N: 10
(MAF)
Rivers
Indus @
Kalabagh
Jhelum @
Mangla
Chenab @
Marala
Eastern
Rivers
Total
Maximum
112.18
32.00
32.69
19.98
183.45
Minimum
66.81
11.85
17.85
0.30
99.05
Average
89.87
22.47
25.78
6.61
144.73
Comparison of Para 14 (b) vs Para 2
S.N: 11
(MAF)
Province
Para 14 (b)
%
Para 2
%
Difference
(4-2)
% Increase
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Punjab
54.51
53.1
55.94
48.9
1.43
12
Sindh
43.53
42.4
48.76
42.6
5.23
45
Balochistan
1.63
1.6
3.87
3.4
2.24
19
KPK
3.06
3.0
5.78
5.1
2.72
24
Total
102.73
100
114.35
100
11.62
100
Comparison of Para 14 (b), 2 & 4
S.N: 12
(Percentages)
Province
Para 14 (b)
Para 2
Para 4
1
2
3
4
Punjab
53.1
48.9
37
Sindh
42.4
42.6
37
Balochistan
1.6
3.4
12
KPK
3.0
5.1
14
Total
100.0
100.0
100
Present Distribution Mechanism of IRSA
S.N: 13
(THREE TIER FORMULA SINCE 2003)
Scenario I
–Water Availability < Actual Average System Uses 77-82
–Distributed as per 14 (b) of the WAA 1991
Scenario II
–Water Availability > Actual Average System Uses 77-82 but < Para
2 of WAA 1991
–Actual Average System Uses are protected
–Balance available as per Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI
Scenario III
–Water Availability > Para 2 of WAA 1991
–Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI are protected
–Balance as per Para 4 of the WAA 1991
Note:
KPK & Balochistan are exempted from shortages
14
Para 6
S.N: 14
The need for storages, wherever
feasible on the Indus and other rivers
was admitted and recognised by the
participants for planned future
agricultural development.
15
Reservoir Sedimentation
Reservoir
Tarbela
Mangla
Chashma
Total Storage
Mangla
Raising
2013
Total
S.N: 15
Designed
Present
Sedimentation
Level
1550.00
1550.00
MAF
%
Live
Storage
9.68
6.45
-3.23
-33
Level
1202.00
1202.00
Live
Storage
5.34
4.50
-0.84
-16
Level
649.00
649.00
Live
Storage
0.72
0.28
-0.44
-61
15.74
11.23
-4.51
-29%
1242.00
2.90
0.0
0.0
14.13
-4.51
-24
Live
1242.00
Storage
2.90
18.64
AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOW AND STORAGE CAPACITY
OF DAMS OF SOME MAJOR RIVER BASINS S.N: 16
Sr. #
River Basin
Average
Annual
flow (MAF)
No. of Dams
Storage
Capacity
(MAF)
% age
Storage
1
Colorado
12
3
59.62
497
2
Nile
47
1
132
281
3
Sutlej Bias
India (Total)
32
750
5
4,636
11.32
245
35
33
4
Yellow River
345
7
68.95
20
5
Columbia
179
3
34
19
6
Indus & others
Rivers
145
3
14.20
10
7
World
20,000
-
8,000
40
Source: Wapda
Provincial Allocations
with Additional Storage
S.N: 17
(MAF)
Province
Pre
Mangla
1960-66
Pre
Tarbela
1967-76
Post
Tarbela
1977-82
Punjab
48.35
49.86
54.51
55.94
61.49
Sindh
*36.12
40.67
43.53
48.76
54.31
**KPK
1.67
2.43
3.06
5.78
7.88
Balochistan
-
0.49
1.63
3.87
5.67
Total
86.14
93.45
102.73
114.35
129.35
* Includes Balochistan
Post
Post
Bhasha &
Kalabagh
Akhori
** Excluding Un-gauged Civil Canals
Recommended Escapage below Kotri
S.N: 18
Kharif
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Total
Cfs
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
MAF
>=0.3
>=0.3
>=0.3
>=0.3
>=0.3
>=0.3
1.8 +**)
Total
Rabi *)
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
cfs
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
MAF
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.8
Annual
3.6 +**)
*)
In a dry year the amount can be proportionally reduced in relation to
the reductions in irrigation water supply
**)
A total volume of 25 MAF in any 5 years period (an annual equivalent
of 5 MAF) to be released in a concentrated way as flood flow (Kharif
period), to be adjusted according to the ruling storage in the reservoirs
and the volume discharged in the four previous years.
ISSUES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
S.N: 19
22 MAF being wasted D/S Kotri
Escapages D/S Kotri
Operation of Link Canals
Mangla Reservoir Filling
KPK’s objection on construction of
Kalabagh Dam
a) Nowshera will be drowned
b) Swabi will be water logged
S.N: 20
Rim Station Inflows
Post TBD Average (1976 to 2013)
Tarbela
Kabul
280.0
260.0
240.0
220.0
200.0
(* 1000 cs)
180.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Month
Mangla
Marala
DRAINAGE LEVELS IN KABUL VALLEY WITH KALABAGH
S.N: 21
1010
1000
LEVEL IN FEET
990
970
970
955
950
958
960
940
930
RESERVOIR RETENATION
EL. 915
910
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
DISTANCE U/S DAM SITE IN MILES
23