Chapter 4
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Change in position or motion.
Joules-Unit of energy.
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Objects with potential energy have the
possibility to cause change.
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It depends on the height and weight(mass) of
the object.
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The energy is released when chemical reactions
occur.
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Fusion(join)
Fission(split)
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The faster the object moves, the more kinetic
energy it has.
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Depends on mass and speed.
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System-a collection of interacting objects, parts,
or ideas that act together as a whole.
Anything in the environment is not a part of
the system.
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Open-a system that exchanges matter or energy
with the environment.
Closed-a system that does not exchange matter
with the environment(energy can be
exchanged).
Isolated-a system in which neither
energy nor matter can be exchanged.
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A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy
form one place to another without transferring
matter.
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can
only change forms or move from one region to
another.
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Electrical to Radiant.
Radiant to Chemical
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Source-The Sun and the Earth’s Interior.
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Solar
Hydroelectric
Wind
Geothermal
Biomass
Ethanol
Inexhaustible resource-a resource that cannot be
used up.

Solar is converted by water becoming steam,
the steam turns a generator. This transforms
mechanical energy to electric energy.

Hydroelectric
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Fossil Fuels-the remains of ancient organisms that
can be burned for energy. Creates chemical
energy.
-coal
-natural gas
-petroleum(oil)
86% of the
energy used
in the U.S.

Global Warming-release carbon dioxide.

Acid rain-

Burning Fuels

Nuclear

Uranium-Nuclear Reactor
-Produce radioactive waste

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Depends on the movement of particles in the
material.
Heat-The movement of thermal energy from a
region of higher temperature to a region of
lower temperature.
1.
2.
3.
Particles make up all matter.
Particles are in constant random motion.
Particles collide.
Kinetic Energy is transferred form one material to
another when their particles collide.
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Units-kelvin (K)/Celsius(C)/Fahrenheit(F)
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Absolute Zero= –459.67F/–273.15°C
Absolute zero-the lowest theoretically possible temperature. Atoms stop
all movement.
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At higher temperatures, the particles are
moving faster, requiring more space.
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Conduction-the transfer of thermal energy due
to collisions between particles.
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Convection-the transfer of thermal energy by
movement of the particles from part to another.
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Radiation-the transfer of thermal energy by
electromagnetic waves.
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Melting/Freezing-Adding or taking away
thermal energy.
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Vaporization/Condensation
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Sublimation/Deposition