Vocabulary
Temperature
Energy
Transfer
Particles in
Matter
Thermal
Energy
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What is solar energy?
energy given off by the sun
What is thermal energy?
the energy of the motion of particles in
matter
What is heat?
bundles of energy that move through matter
and space
Explain radiation and
infrared radiation?
radiation is the transfer of thermal energy
from one piece of matter to another; infrared
radiation are the bundles of energy that
transfer heat
What are convection and
conduction, and how are
they different?
Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy
by particles of matter bumping into each
other. Convection is the energy transfer by
hot particles moving in a liquid or gas. They
are different because matter has to be
touching for conduction to take place.
What is temperature?
a measure of the average energy of motion
of matter
How is the average energy
of motion of matter
measured?
with a thermometer
What is an insulator? How
can clothes be insulators?
It is a material that keeps thermal energy
from being transferred. Clothes keep the
heat from escaping your body on cold days.
Tell me about the
temperatures in a house
with a metal roof verses a
shingle roof? Talk about
summer and winter.
Metal is a good conductor of thermal energy, so a
metal roof would create a greater temperature in
the summer and a lesser temperature in the winter.
Shingles are a better insulator, so the transfer of
energy wouldn’t be as great as metal.
These temperatures were taken
at one-hour intervals at a house
with a metal roof. What times
could you infer that these
A good inference wouldwere
be that the
first
measurements
taken?
temperature reading was at 11:00 am, then
1:00pm, then 3:00pm, then 5:00pm, then 7:00pm,
then 9:00pm, then 11:00pm.
Think about things you do
throughout the day. Name
three of your actions that
take a lot of energy and
three that only take a little
energy?
examples of a lot: jumping, running, playing
examples of a little: thinking, writing, sleeping
What energy transfer
process allows for you to
have the perfect
temperature bath- not too
cold?
convection because energy is transferred by the
hot particles moving in a liquid.
Which picture shows heat
being transferred through
infrared radiation? Why?
The sun transfers heat through infrared radiation.
Infrared radiation are the bundles of energy that
transfer heat. The faucet transfers through
convection.
People use solar energy for
inexpensive heating. What type of
energy transfer is happening in
these pictures?
infrared radiation
Describe in detail all the
energy transfers that are
taking place in this
picture.
Conduction between the hand and handle of the
pot. Since the pot is not touching the burner, there
is no conduction between the burner and pot.
Convection is happening in the water and as the
warm air rises to the ceiling. Radiation is happening
as heat is transferred from the burner.
When do particles in
matter move faster?
when heat is added
Put the pictures in order from the
slowest moving particles to the
fastest moving particles.
the ice particles are moving the slowest and have
the least thermal energy, then the juice, and the
boiling water has the most thermal energy.
Therefore the boiling water has the fastest moving
particles.
What’s happening to the particles
in the air between 9:00am and
noon?
Since the temperature is rising, the particles in the
air are moving faster!
Remember, volume is the amount
of space matter takes up. If you
have the same number of
molecules of water, does it always
have the same volume? Explain.
No. If the water is a solid, like ice, the particles will
stick closer together and take up less space. When
it is liquid water, the particles spread out a little and
take up a little more space. When water is a gas,
like water vapor, the particles spread way out and
take up much more space.
How are thermal energy
and temperature related?
Thermal energy is the energy of the motion of
particles in matter. Temperature is a measure of
the average energy of motion of matter. The higher
the thermal energy, the higher the temperature.
If you wanted to know
about how much thermal
energy some matter had,
what could you do?
use a thermometer and take the temperature of the
matter
Tell me what you can infer about
the particles of water based on
the thermometer readings?
The second glass has the lowest temperature, therefore, it has the lowest
average energy of motion. The last glass has the highest temperature,
therefore, it has the highest average energy of motion. The particles in the
last glass are moving the fastest.
How can you tell which picture
has air with the highest thermal
energy?
You could measure the temperature of the air in
each place. The place with the highest
temperature has the highest amount of thermal
energy.
The average energy of motion in water is increasing with
each picture. We know their thermal energies are
different because ice, water, and water vapor have
different average temperatures. What can we infer has
happened to the water in each picture to end up with
different thermal energies?
You can infer that heat was added and the particles
of the liquid are moving faster than the ice. And the
particles of the water vapor are moving faster than
the water.
What is expansion and
contraction? Which goes
with more thermal energy,
and which goes with less
thermal energy?
Expansion is when particles spread out and take up
more space. When matter has more thermal
energy, it expands. Contraction is when particles
scrunch up and take up less space. When matter
has less thermal energy, it contracts.