2.1 Properties of Matter
•
Classifying Material Properties
•
Physical Properties versus Chemical Properties
•
Particle Relationships
•
Thermal Energy, Temperature, and Heat
•
States of Matter & Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)
•
Some Thermal Properties of Matter
2.1 Properties of Matter
Classifying Material Properties
Extensive properties are qualities that are or depend
upon the amount of the material.
Intensive properties are qualities that do not depend
upon the amount of the material.
Every material possesses a unique set of intensive
properties that can be used to identify it.
2.1 Properties of Matter
Physical Properties versus Chemical Properties
Physical properties describe physical changes. Most
physical properties describe relationships or interactions
between matter and energy.
Chemical properties describe chemical changes or
interactions between different forms of matter.
2.1 Properties of Matter
Particle Relationships
New properties emerge at and describe each level of
organization.
Particle Properties
e.g. water molecule
Material Properties
e.g. water
Object Properties
e.g. water droplet
2.1 Properties of Matter
Thermal Energy, Temperature, and Heat
Thermal Energy is the total mechanical energy of an
object’s particles.
Temperature is the average mechanical energy of the
particles that compose an object.
Heat is the energy transferred from one object to another
because of a difference in temperature.
2.1 Properties of Matter
States of Matter & Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)
Kinetic Molecular Theory states that matter is composed
of tiny moving particles.
The more energy particles have, the faster they move and
therefore the harder they strike each other and the farther
they bounce apart from each other.
2.1 Properties of Matter
Some Thermal Properties of Matter
Physical:
Melting Point and Heat of Fusion
Boiling Point and Heat of Vaporization
Chemical:
Heat of Formation
Heat of Combustion