WORLD WAR I REVIEW SHEET
TERMS
Alliance- A group of nations joined together for some purpose, an
agreement to help each other.
Alliance System- the result of growing rivalries and mutual
mistrust; designed to keep peace but did not. A dispute between
two rival powers could draw all nations in Europe into war.
Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente- Great Britain, France, Russia
Great War – World War I
Allied Powers- Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Italy, and
eventually the US and Japan
Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman
Empire
Trench Warfare- ditches soldiers fought from, miles dug, protected
them from enemy fire, caused huge human loss with little land
gained, life the trenches was miserable. Land between trenches
was called “No Mans Land”
Stalemate- a point were neither side can advance; result of trench
warfare.
Reparations- war fines; payments made by the defeated counties
to repair the damage done to the victorious countries. The
Germans were forced to pay $33 billion in 30 years.
Treaty of Versailles- The treaty that ended WWI –Germany
agreed to: 1. Accept the new map of Europe
2. Accept the decisions made by the new League
Of Nations
3. Limit the size of its Army and Navy
4. To give up its Empire
5. To accept blame for the war and to pay reparations
to countries that suffered damage during the war.
Armistice- An agreement to stop fighting; a truce before a formal
peace treaty.
Western Front- Northern France; deadlock region; major battle in
the war the Battle of the Marne which destroyed the Schlieffen
Plan.
Eastern Front- Germany and Russia border; Germans and AustroHungarians battled the Russians and the Serbs; Germans
destroyed the Russians (suffered shortages of food, guns,
ammunition, clothes, boots, and blankets)
Lusitania- passenger ship sunk by Germany, pushed the US closer
to entering the war: 128 Americans were killed.
U-Boat- A German submarine
Zimmermann Note-US intercepted a telegram from Germany to
Mexico promising them Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico if they
joined the Central Powers and invaded the US.
Bolshevik- A radical group of committed revolutionaries willing to
sacrifice everything for change in Russia; supported Marxism;
once in power renamed their party the Communists.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- truce between Germany and Russia; once
Russia was out of the war the Central Powers could focus on the
Western Front.
Soviet- self-governing republics under the central government;
1922 Russia became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Red Army- Bolsheviks (communists)
White Army- Made up of different groups. Some supported the
Czar, others wanted democratic government, and even socialists
who opposed Lenin’s style of socialism.
PEOPLE
Archduke Ferdinand- Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. He
was assassinated by a Serbian and member of the Black Hand, a
secret society committed to ridding Bosnia of Austrian rule.
Kaiser Wilhelm- leader of Germany, forced Bismarck to resign.
Did not want to share power with anyone. Was eager to show the
world how mighty Germany had become.
Clemenceau- One of the Big Four- France
Lloyd George- One of the Big Four- Great Britain
Orlando- One of the Big Four- Italy
Wilson- One of the Big Four- US
Lenin- Major leader of the Bolsheviks; helped to overthrow Czar
Nicholas II; the “Father of the Revolution”, Proletariat should rise
up and overthrow the government; after the civil war he tried to
revive the economy and restructure the government.
Stalin-had a ruthless climb to power; organized powerful supports;
Lenin saw him as dangerous; becomes a dictator.
Trotsky- leader of the Red Army that fought the White Army in
the Civil War in Russia; fought Stalin for power after Lenin
became ill; Lenin’s choice for successor; exiled in 1929.
Causes of WWI:
M- Militarism
A- Alliances
I- Imperialism
N- Nationalism