HUMAN ANATOMY
WVCEA ACADEMIC TEST - 2016
1.
Which of these organs is not part of the GI tract but is an accessory organ?
a.
mouth
b.
pancreas
c.
stomach
d.
small intestine
e.
Esophagus
2.
Which of the following is the correct order for the pathway of chyme?
a.
ileum, jejunum, cecum, duodenum
b.
ileum, cecum, duodenum, jejunum
c.
duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum
d.
cecum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum
e.
duodenum, ileum, jejunum, cecum
The greatest amount of oxygen will be lost from the blood while it is traveling through ____.
a.
the left atrium of the heart
b.
the arteries
c.
the veins
3.
d.
e.
the capillaries in the body
the capillaries in the lungs
4.
The valve between the chambers of the right side of the heart is the _____ valve.
a.
Semilunar
b.
bicuspid (mitral valve)
c.
Tricuspid
d.
Aortic
5.
The sinoatrial node (pacemaker) is located in the ____.
a.
right atrium
b.
left atrium
c.
right ventricle
d.
left ventricle
6.
The condition in which the linings of the bronchial tubes become irritated and swollen is called _____.
a. Asthma
b. Bronchitis
c. Emphysema
d. Pneumonia
7.
The function of the cartilage around the trachea is to ____.
a.
prevent the collapse of the organ
b.
filter out wastes
c.
warm the air
d.
allow voice production
8.
Gustatory receptors and olfatory receptors are both _____.
a.
photoreceptors
b.
mechanoreceptors
c.
chemoreceptors
d.
thermoreceptors
e.
none of the above
9.
Which part of the nervous system is involved during stress?
a.
parasympathetic
b.
Sympathetic
c.
Somatic
both a and b are correct
d.
10.
The action of the sternocleidomastoid is to _____.
a.
close eye
b.
close lips, compress lips against teeth, protrude and shape lips during speech
c.
draw angle of mouth upward and outward as in smiling or laughing
d.
draw scalp anteriorly, elevate eyebrows, wrinkle skin of forehead horizontally
e.
flex the cervical part of the vertebral column and draw the head forward; rotate face
11.
A ____ is the most common class of lever found in the human body, an example of which is the
flexing of the forearm.
a.
a first-class lever (EFR)
b.
a second-class lever (FRE)
c.
a third class lever (FER)
12.
The stomach performs all of the following functions except:
a.
the secretion of chyme
b.
storage of food immediately after a meal
c.
d.
e.
secretion of hydrochloric acid
mixing food with the gastric secretions
emptying food into the small intestine
13.
The appendix attaches to the
a.
Cecum
b.
descending colon
c.
Ileum
d.
Pubis
e.
none of the above
14.
The vessel that participates directly in the exchange of substances between the cell and
the blood is the ____.
a.
Arteriole
b.
Artery
c.
Capillary
d.
Venule
e.
Vein
15.
Blood from the face and scalp is drained by the ____.
a.
jugular vein
b.
subclavian vein
c.
inferior vena cava
d.
hepatic vein
16.
Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the capillary blood and body cells is _____
a.
Breathing
b.
transport of gases
c.
external respiration
d.
internal respiration
17.
The condition in which the alveoli become filled with fluid is called _____.
a. Asthma
b. Bronchitis
c. Emphysema
d. Pneumonia
18.
Sensory receptors are sensitive to stimulation by _____.
a.
changes in the concentration of chemicals
b.
temperature changes
c.
changes in the intensity of light
both b and c are correct
d.
e.
all of the above are correct
Which of the following would allow a neuron to receive more stimuli?
a.
more dentritic spines
b.
more myelin sheath material
c.
a larger cell body
d.
a longer axon
e.
more nodes of Ranvier
19.
20.
The origin of a muscle is _____.
a.
how a muscle is attached to a bone
b.
none of the above
c.
the middle, fleshy part of a muscle
d.
the movable bone attachment site
e.
the stationary bone attachment site
21.
Muscles are named according to their _____.
a.
Action
b.
origin and insertion
c.
position on the body
d.
Shape
e.
all of the above
22.
Which of the following is not a function of the small intestine?
a.
mixing chyme with digestive juices
b.
digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
c.
producing bile
d.
absorbing nutrients
23.
The structures that give the colon a puckered appearance are the
a.
Villi
b.
Rugae
c.
Haustra
d.
Microvilli
e.
none of the above
24.
Arteries always carry blood away from the heart.
a.
True
b.
False
25.
The most numerous type of white blood cell is the _____.
a.
Neutrophil
b.
Eosinophil
c.
Monocyte
d.
Lymphocyte
26.
Which sequence correctly indicates the branching pattern of the human respiratory system?
trachea→bronchi→bronchioles→alveoli
a.
trachea→bronchioles→bronchi→alveoli
b.
alveoli→trachea→bronchioles→bronchi
c.
alveoli→bronchioles→trachea→bronchi
d.
27.
Through which structure does urine leave the nephron?
a.
b.
c.
d.
28.
The autonomic system has two divisions called the _____ systems.
a.
central nervous and peripheral nervous
b.
somatic and skeletal
c.
d.
efferent and afferent
sympathetic and parasympathetic
29.
The junction between a neuron and its target cell is called a _____.
a.
Neurotransmitter
b.
synapse
c.
node of Ranvier
d.
threshold
e.
none of the above
30.
The sites where motor nerve impulse is transmitted from the nerve endings to the skeletal muscle cell
membranes are the _____.
a.
Myofilaments
b.
neuromuscular junctions
c.
sarcomeres
d.
Z-lines
31.
The band of connective tissue that extends from a muscle to attach a bone is called a ______.
a.
endomysium
b.
fascia
c.
ligament
d.
perimysium
e.
tendon
32.
The products of digestion are
a.
large macromolecules needed by the body
b.
enzymes needed to digest food
c.
small nutrient molecules that can be absorbed
d.
regulatory hormones of various kinds
e.
the food we eat
33.
Those structures in the small intestine that increase its surface area and thus aid in the absorption of food
are called:
a.
villi
b.
microvilli
c.
circular folds
d.
all of the above
34.
Which of the following is involved in systemic circulation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
35.
right ventricle
superior vena cava
pulmonary artery
aorta
left ventricle
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2, 3, and 4
1, 3 and 5
2, 4, and 5
The condition in which the walls of the alveoli become damaged and the lungs lose their elasticity
is called _____.
a. asthma
b. bronchitis
c. emphysema
d.
pneumonia
36.
The crossing of the digestive and respiratory tracts in the pharynx creates a need for ______.
a.
swallowing
b.
external nares
c.
an epiglottis
d.
a diaphragm
e.
olfactory epithelium
37.
How many nephrons are in each kidney?
a.
10
b.
100
c.
10,000
d.
100,000
e.
1,000,000
38.
The most common neuron structure is one _____.
a.
axon and many dendrites
b.
process that serves as both axon and dendrite
c.
dendrite and many axons
d.
dendrite and one axon
39.
Which is the largest part of the human brain?
a.
cerebrum
b.
cerebellum
c.
medulla oblongata
d.
thalamus
During muscular contraction, the _____.
a.
belly (main part) of the muscle remains unchanged in length
b.
insertion usually moves toward the origin
c.
muscle pushes bone forward
d.
origin usually moves toward the insertion
40.
41.
All of the following groupings are correct except _____.
a.
cardiac, striated, involuntary
b.
cardiac, striated, voluntary
c.
skeletal, striated, voluntary
d.
smooth, nonstriated, involuntary
42.
Which of the following is not a salivary gland?
a.
parotid
b.
sublingual
c.
submaxillary
d.
deciduous
43.
Which of the following is a function of the esophagus?
a.
digestion of starch
b.
mixing of chyme and amylase
c.
passing of bolus into stomach
d.
crushing of food
e.
none of the above
44.
The function of valves in the human circulatory system is to ____.
a.
stimulate the heartbeat
b.
accelerate the flow of blood
c.
prevent the backflow of blood
d.
serve as a cushion to prevent friction
45.
The most mobile and active phogocytic lymphocytes are _____.
a.
eosinophils
b.
neutrophils
c.
monocytes
d.
basophils
46.
Kidneys are organs of homeostasis because they _____.
a.
regulate the blood volume
b.
regulate the pH of the blood
c.
help maintain the correct concentration of ions in the blood
d.
excrete toxic metabolic by-products
e.
all of these are correct
47.
The innermost hollow chamber of the kidney is the _____.
a.
renal cortex
b.
glomerulus
c.
renal medulla
d.
renal pelvis
48.
Which sequence most correctly represents the network of passageways which normally permit air to
flow from the external environment to the human lungs?
a.
nasal cavity, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, bronchi
b.
nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
c.
nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, bronchioles
d.
nasal cavity, bronchi, bronchioles, pharynx, trachea
49.
Impulses that travel from the nerve endings to the CNS are carried by ____.
a.
interneurons
b.
motor neurons
c.
sensory neurons
d.
both b and c
50.
A student accidentally places her hand on a tack and quickly pulls her hand away. The tack
represents ____.
a.
a stimulus
b.
an impulse
c.
a response
d.
an effector
51.
The central nervous system includes all of the following EXCEPT the ____.
a.
brain
b.
spinal cord
c.
axons and motor neurons
d.
interneurons
52.
The ability to receive and respond to a stimuli is ______.
a.
conductivity
b.
contractility
c.
elasticity
d.
excitability
e.
extensibility
53.
From what you have learned about muscle contraction, select the false statement from those below.
a.
ATP binds to myosin disconnecting the cross bridge
b.
c.
d.
e.
Calcium binds to troponin molecules exposing the binding sites.
Connections are made between thick and thin filaments.
Myosin binds to the tropomyosin molecules.
The cross bridge repositions after being re-energized.
54.
Which of the following is the correct order for the pathway of wastes?
a.
ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, descending colon, rectum
b.
descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
c.
sigmoid colon, transverse colon, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum
d.
none of the above
55.
The adult liver does all of the following except:
a.
synthesize bile salts
b.
form red blood cells
c.
store vitamins and minerals
d.
remove drugs and hormones
e.
metabolize carbohydrates
Platelets are best described as ____.
a.
giant, multinucleated cells
b.
fragments of cells
c.
lymphoid cells
d.
immature leukocytes
56.
57.
Which of these has the thickest wall?
a.
left ventricle
b.
right ventricle
c.
left atrium
d.
right atrium
58.
The sac surrounding the heart is the ____.
a.
epicardium
b.
pericardium
c.
endocardium
d.
myocardium
59.
An obstruction in a ureter would interfere with _____.
a.
urine entering the kidneys
b.
blood entering the kidneys
c.
urine entering the urinary bladder
d.
urine voided from the body
60.
Cleaned blood leaves the kidney through the ____.
a.
renal vein
b.
renal artery
c.
proximal tubule
d.
renal pelvis
61.
The basic functional unit of the nervous sytem is ____.
a.
a receptor
b.
an effector
c.
a neuron
d.
a nerve
62.
An example of a human response is ____.
a.
a stone approaching the eye
b.
the buzz of a bee
c.
d.
the fragrance of a rose
the secretion of a hormone
63.
When a person is unconscious, which structure continues to control reflexes such as
breathing, heartbeat, blood flow, and coughing?
a.
cerebellum
b.
cerebrum
c.
medulla oblongata
d.
spinal cord
64.
Which of the following is not a principle function of muscle tissue?
a.
metabolism
b.
motion
c.
movement of substances within the body
d.
posture
e.
Thermogenesis
65.
In naming the zygomaticus major, we are describing two key characteristics of the muscle:
a.
the action and the size, respectively
b.
the location and the shape, respectively
c.
the location and the size, respectively
d.
the number of origins and the size, respectively
66.
The action of the triceps brachii is to _____.
a.
elevate clavicle, adduct scapula, rotate scapula superiorly, elevate or depress scapula, extend head
b.
extend forearm, extend arm
c.
flex and supinate forearm, flex arm
d.
flex leg and extend thigh
e.
flex leg, flex thigh and rotate it laterally thus crossing the leg
67.
The gallbladder
a.
produces bile
b.
is attached to the pancreas
c.
stores bile that is produced by the liver
d.
produces amylase
68.
What role does bile play in digestion?
a.
contains fat-splitting enzymes
b.
emulsification of fat
c.
slows peristalsis, thus allowing more time for digestion and absorption in the small intestine
d.
releases energy stored in fats
e.
none of the above
69.
The thick, sticky, yellowish liquid in which blood cells are suspended is ____.
a.
hemoglobin
b.
plasma
c.
hemocrit
d.
erythrocytes
e.
lymph
70.
During diastole of the heartbeat ____.
a.
blood is pumped to the body
b.
the atrioventricular valves are closed
c.
the heart muscle is relaxing
d.
the ventricles contract
71.
The structure that transports urine form the urinary bladder to the outside of the body is the _____.
a.
urethra
b.
glomerulus
c.
nephron
d.
ureter
72.
Which is not a function of the kidney?
a.
remove urea
b.
filter blood
c.
store urine
d.
form urine
73.
The part of the brain that is responsible for voluntary body movement, balance, and muscle
tone is the _____.
a.
cerebellum
b.
cerebrum
c.
medulla oblongata
d.
pons
74.
The impulses involved in pricking the finger with a needle would follow which pathway?
a.
motor neuron → interneuron → sensory neuron
b.
motor neuron → sensory neuron → interneuron
c.
sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron
d.
sensory neuron → motor neuron → interneuron
75.
Which part of the nervous system promotes normal, relaxed body functioning?
a.
somatic nervous system
b.
central nervous system
c.
sympathetic nervous system
d.
parasympathetic nervous system
76.
The action of the biceps femoris is to _____.
a.
elevate clavicle, adduct scapula, rotate scapula superiorly, elevate or depress scapula, extend head
b.
extend forearm, extend arm
c.
flex and supinate forearm, flex arm
d.
flex leg and extend thigh
e.
flex leg, flex thigh and rotate it laterally thus crossing the leg
77.
Which of the following is the function of the gall bladder?
a.
store and concentrate bile
b.
produce bile
78.
c.
produce digestive enzymes
d.
produce digestive hormones
Which of the following is not a basic activity of the digestive system?
a.
ingestion
b.
digestion
c.
secretion
d.
lactation
e.
defecation
79.
Freshly oxygenated blood is first received by the ____.
a.
left atrium
b.
right atrium
c.
left ventricle
d.
right ventricle
80.
The great saphenous veins are located in the ____.
a.
lower limbs
b.
upper limbs
c.
skull
d.
thoracic cavity
e.
abdominal cavity
81.
The circulation of blood to and from the lungs is known as ____.
a.
systemic circulation
b.
coronary circulation
c.
lymphatic circulation
d.
pulmonary circulation
82.
Select the incorrect association.
a.
alveolus--gas exchange
b.
bronchus--air enters lungs
c.
larynx--sound production
d.
nasal cavity--air dried and cooled
83.
A major function of the human urinary bladder is _____.
a.
transforming urine into a nitrogenous waste
b.
releasing urine directly into the bloodstream
c.
storing urine until it is eliminated
d.
filtering urine out of the blood
84.
Nutrients and most of the water from the glomular filtrate are reabsorbed in the _____.
a.
loop of Henle
b.
proximal convoluted tubule
c.
distal convoluted tubule
d.
renal pyramid
85.
Which of the following function as effectors?
a.
eyes and ears
b.
muscles and glands
c.
brain and spinal cord
d.
motor and sensory neurons
86.
Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system?
a.
deletes information
b.
gathers information
c.
processes information
d.
sends information
87.
The structure that carries impulses away from the cell body of the neuron is the _____.
a.
axon
b.
dendrite
c.
neurotransmitter
d.
Schwann cell
88.
Which of the following is not an adaptation for digestion in the stomach?
a.
rugae
b.
villi
c.
mucus-producing glands
d.
digestive enzyme production
89.
If the small intestine were the same shape and size as the stomach,
a.
the absorptive surface area would be decreased
b.
the amount of food stored after digestion would be less
c.
the chemical digestion of carbohydrates would cease
d.
the amount of blood diverted to the digestive tract would increase
90.
The main blood vessel used for carrying blood away from the heart for general circulation
is the ____.
a.
aorta
b.
superior vena cava
c.
pulmonary artery
d.
inferior vena cava
e.
both b and d
91.
What is the principle function of human white blood cells?
a.
pumping blood
b.
engulfing bacteria
c.
carrying carbon dioxide
d.
carrying food
e.
none of the above
92.
The breaking down of larger food molecules into smaller food molecules is called absorption.
a.
true
b.
false
93.
Most of the absorption of nutrients takes place across the
a.
walls of the esophagus
b.
rugae of the stomach
c.
villi of the small intestine
d.
haustra of the large intestine