Exploring 2 Types of
Bonds
Science 10
Chemistry Unit
There are 2 types of bonds:
1. Ionic bonds
2. Covalent (or molecular) bonds
Ionic Bonds


Ionic bonds are formed when one or more
electrons are transferred from one atom to
another atom.
This produces positively
and negatively charged
particles called ions.



The forces of attraction that bind oppositely
charged ions together are called ionic bonds.
Ionic bonds generally occur between metals
and nonmetals (cations and anions).
Anions and cations are held together in an
ionic bond due to electrostatic forces --oppositely charged “force fields” resulting from
the oppositely charged ions.
Examples:
1. NaCl
2. Fe2O3
3. BaF2
Covalent Bonding:


Involves the “sharing”
of electrons.
It involves the bonds
formed between a nonmetal and a non-metal
(or metalloid).
Important:


Since these bonding non-metals (or metalloids)
wish to gain electrons to become like a noble
gas, and they can’t gain electrons from each
other at the same time, they must share their
electrons so they can both become like a noble
gas.
These compounds or molecules that are
formed are neutral…they have no charge.
Examples
1. H2O (water)
2. CO2 (carbon dioxide)
3. O2 (oxygen)
Nomenclature:
Different classes of compounds have
different rules for naming.
 Before naming a compound, it is
important to check which class it belongs
to so that you will use the appropriate set
of rules.

Rules for Naming Binary Molecular
Compounds
To use this set of rules, the compound
must be a molecular or covalent
compound.
 In other words, it must be a non-metal +
a non-metal (or metalloid) compound

Rules:





Name the first element as the name you see
on your periodic table.
Name the second element as you see it in
your “Periodic Table of Ions”…the 2nd
element always ends in “-ide”
Use numerical prefixes to show how many
of each atom is present in the molecule.
Mono- is frequently or often, omitted.
Write these on the “file cards” then place
them in your plastic sheath.
Prefix
MonoDiTriTetraPentaHexaHeptaOctaNonaDeca-
Number of Atoms in
Compound
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
Write the names of the following covalent compounds:
Sulphur trioxide
1. SO3 _______________________________________
Dinitrogen monosulfide
2. N2S _______________________________________
Phosphorous trihydride
3. PH3 _______________________________________
Boron trifluoride
4. BF3 _______________________________________
Diphosphorous tetrabromide
5. P2Br4 ______________________________________
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Carbon monoxide
CO ________________________________________
silicon dioxide
SiO2 _______________________________________
Sulphur hexafluoride
SF6 _______________________________________
Nitrogen trihydride or Ammonia
NH3 _______________________________________
nitrogen dioxide
NO2 ________________________________________
Formula Writing of Binary Molecular Compounds
NCl3
1. nitrogen trichloride ________________________
BC
2. boron monocarbide __________________________
N2O3
3. dinitrogen trioxide ________________________
PF5
4. phosphorus pentafluoride __________________
CH4
5. methane ______________________________
SBr2
6. sulfur dibromide _________________________
B2H4
7. diboron tetrahydride ______________________
OF2
8. oxygen difluoride _________________________
9.
CS2
carbon disulfide __________________________