Chapter 14 & 15
Head and Facial Injuries
Anatomy of the Skull
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22 bones
– Cranium (8 bones)
– Face (14 bones)
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Sutures
– 4 Prominent sutures
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Fontanelles
Paranasal Sinuses
Occipital Bone
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Forms the walls and
base of the posterior
portion of the cranium
Superior and inferior
nuchal lines
Occipital Condyles
Hypoglossal Canal
Foramen Magnum
Parietal Bones
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By their union, they
form the sides and roof
of the cranium
Temporal Lines
Frontal Bone
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Consists of two
portions
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Frontal Squama
Orbital Plates
Temporal Bones
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Situated at the sides and base of
the skull
5 portions:
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1. Squamous portion
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2. Mastoid portion
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Mastoid Process
3. Petrous portion
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Internal Auditory Meatus
Carotid Canal
Stylomastoid Foramen
4. Tympanic portion
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Zygomatic Process
Mandibular Fossa
External Auditory Meatus
5. Styloid portion
Sphenoid Bone
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Articulates with all of
the other bones of the
cranial floor.
Parts of the sphenoid:
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Body
Greater Wings
Lesser Wings
Pterygoid Processes
Ethmoid Bone
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Forms part of the anterior
cranial floor; contributes to
the medial wall of each
orbit
4 portions
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Cribriform plate
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Crista Galli
Perpendicular Plate
Labyrinths (Lateral Masses
[2])
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Superior and Middle Nasal
Conchae
Nasal Bones
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2 separate bones
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Form bridge of the
nose
Maxillae
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2 bones
Maxilla = singular
Maxillae = plural
Form the upper jaw,
roof of mouth, floor and
lateral wall of the orbit
Parts
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Body
Alveolar Process
Palatine Process
Lacrimal Bones
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2 bones
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Situated at the front
part of the medial wall
of the orbit
Zygomatic Bones
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2 bones
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Form the prominence
of the cheek, part of the
lateral wall and floor of
the orbit
Temporal Process
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Palatine Bones
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2 bones
Situated at the back
part of the nasal
cavities between the
maxillae and the
pterygoid processes
of the sphenoid bone
Contribute to the floor
and lateral wall of the
nasal cavity, the roof
of the mouth, and the
floor of the orbit
Inferior Nasal Conchae
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Projections found in
the lateral wall of the
nasal cavity
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Increase the surface
area of the nasal cavity
Vomer Bone
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Situated in the medial
plane
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Forms the inferior and
posterior portion of the
nasal septum
Mandible
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Largest, strongest bone of
face
Only movable bone of
skull
Parts
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Body
Ramus
Coronoid Process
Condylar Process
Mandibular Notch
Angle
Sutures of the Skull
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Coronal Suture
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Sagittal Suture
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Lambdoidal Suture
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Squamosal Suture
Brain
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Brain facts
4 parts of the
brain
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Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brain Stem
Brain Lobes
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Cerebrum divided
into 4 lobes
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Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Primary Function =
shock absorption
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Secondary Functions =
circulate nutrients and
chemicals from blood
and remove waste
products from brain
Preventing Head Injuries
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Helmets
Mouth Guards
Rules
Common Sense
Head and Face Injuries
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Skull Fracture
Concussion
Intracranial Hematoma
Post-concussion Syndrome
Second Impact Syndrome
Corneal Abrasion or
Laceration
Detached Retina
Black Eye
Foreign Body in Eye
Embedded Object
Subconjunctival Hematoma
Hyphema
Blowout Fracture
Fracture of the Orbital Roof
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Sinus Fracture
Dislodged Contact Lens
Eyelid Laceration
Rupture Globe
Laceration of the Pinna
Cauliflower Ear
Otitis Externa
Foreign Body in Ear
Epistaxis
Deviateed Septum
Nasal Fracture
Mandible/Maxilla Fracture
Temporomandibular Dislocation
Tooth Dislocation
Fracture Tooth
Skull Fracture
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Types
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Depressed
Compound
Linear
Penetrating
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Etiology
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Signs and Symptoms
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Management
Temporomandibular Dislocation
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Etiology
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Signs and Symptoms
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Treatment
Tooth Dislocation
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Etiology
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Signs and
Symptoms
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Treatment
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Subluxated
Luxated
Avulsed
Fractured Tooth
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Etiology
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Signs and
Symptoms
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Treatment