Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
What is Progressivism?
What was the Progressive movement?
• Social/political movement of early 1900s
that attempted to use activism as well as
gov’t power to cure social problems
Why was this so groundbreaking?
• Before about 1900, people didn’t think of
gov’t as a reform tool
• Just supposed to ensure security, protect
freedoms, advance national interests, etc.
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
What did the Progressive movement attempt to do?
• Fix the problems of the late 1800’s (Gilded Age)
• May of these issues stemmed from the rapid industrialization,
immigration, urbanization, expansion, etc. of that era.
• Issues from the “Age of Reform” during the 1840’s
What topics concerned Progressives?
• Labor reform
• Immigration reform
• Voting reform
• Business regulation
• Environmental protection
• Consumer protection
• Moral standards
• Alcohol/drug regulation
• Health regulations
• Women’s suffrage
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
– Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain ideals
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
– Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain ideals
– So, not a “party line” issue
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
– Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain ideals
– So, not a “party line” issue
Where did it start?
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
– Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain ideals
– So, not a “party line” issue
Where did it start?
• “Grassroots” movement
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
– Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain ideals
– So, not a “party line” issue
Where did it start?
• “Grassroots” movement
• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
– Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain ideals
– So, not a “party line” issue
Where did it start?
• “Grassroots” movement
• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…
• then local politicians…
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
– Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain ideals
– So, not a “party line” issue
Where did it start?
• “Grassroots” movement
• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…
• then local politicians…
• then state…
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
– Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain ideals
– So, not a “party line” issue
Where did it start?
• “Grassroots” movement
• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…
• then local politicians…
• then state…
• then federal government
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
– Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain ideals
– So, not a “party line” issue
Where did it start?
• “Grassroots” movement
• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…
• then local politicians…
• then state…
• then federal government
What event really got the movement going?
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
– Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain ideals
– So, not a “party line” issue
Where did it start?
• “Grassroots” movement
• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…
• then local politicians…
• then state…
• then federal government
What event really got the movement going?
• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Who made up the Progressives?
• Educated, middle class
• Activists
• Journalists
• Academics
• Politicians
– NOT a separate party (initially)
– Democrats & Republicans joined movement; also opposed certain ideals
– So, not a “party line” issue
Where did it start?
• “Grassroots” movement
• The Progressives got the people interested/outraged…
• then local politicians…
• then state…
• then federal government
What event really got the movement going?
• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)
• Convinced people of need to reform labor laws
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
• Pragmatism
• Herbert Croly
• The Promise of American Life
• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the masses
• Jane Addams
• Twenty Years at Hull House
• John Dewey
• Public education as instrument of reform
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
• Pragmatism
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
• Pragmatism
• Herbert Croly
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
• Pragmatism
• Herbert Croly
• The Promise of American Life
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
• Pragmatism
• Herbert Croly
• The Promise of American Life
• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the masses
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
• Pragmatism
• Herbert Croly
• The Promise of American Life
• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the masses
• Jane Addams
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
• Pragmatism
• Herbert Croly
• The Promise of American Life
• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the masses
• Jane Addams
• Twenty Years at Hull House
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
• Pragmatism
• Herbert Croly
• The Promise of American Life
• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the masses
• Jane Addams
• Twenty Years at Hull House
• John Dewey
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
• Pragmatism
• Herbert Croly
• The Promise of American Life
• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the masses
• Jane Addams
• Twenty Years at Hull House
• John Dewey
• Public education as instrument of reform
• Pushed for social education; democratic ideals in school
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
• Pragmatism
• Herbert Croly
• The Promise of American Life
• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the masses
• Jane Addams
• Twenty Years at Hull House
• John Dewey
• Public education as instrument of reform
• Pushed for social education; democratic ideals in school
• Oliver Wendell Holmes
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers
• Reaction to Social Darwinism
• Thorstein Veblen
• The Theory of the Leisure Class
• William James
• Pragmatism
• Herbert Croly
• The Promise of American Life
• Advocated activist gov’t that promotes the interest of the masses
• Jane Addams
• Twenty Years at Hull House
• John Dewey
• Public education as instrument of reform
• Pushed for social education; democratic ideals in school
• Oliver Wendell Holmes
• Society changes – laws must change
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Also
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Also
• Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Also
• Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)
• McClure’s & Collier’s magazine
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Also
• Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)
• McClure’s & Collier’s magazine
Novelists
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Also
• Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)
• McClure’s & Collier’s magazine
Novelists
Upton Sinclair
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Also
• Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)
• McClure’s & Collier’s magazine
Novelists
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle: meatpacking industry
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Also
• Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)
• McClure’s & Collier’s magazine
Novelists
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle: meatpacking industry
Frank Norris
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Also
• Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)
• McClure’s & Collier’s magazine
Novelists
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle: meatpacking industry
Frank Norris
The Octopus and McTeague
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Also
• Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)
• McClure’s & Collier’s magazine
Novelists
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle: meatpacking industry
Frank Norris
The Octopus and McTeague
Theodore Dreiser
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Also
• Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)
• McClure’s & Collier’s magazine
Novelists
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle: meatpacking industry
Frank Norris
The Octopus and McTeague
Theodore Dreiser
The Financier
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Progressive Writers: The Muckrakers
• Journalists who exposed America’s “dirty” secrets
Nonfiction
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities : plight of the urban poor
Ida Tarbell
History of Standard Oil : shady business practices
David Graham Phillips
Treason of the Senate :Senate “controlled” by big business
Also
• Lewis Hine & Jacob Riis (photographers)
• McClure’s & Collier’s magazine
Novelists
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle: meatpacking industry
Frank Norris
The Octopus and McTeague
Theodore Dreiser
The little guy will never win
The Financier
“The function of the novelist... is to comment
upon life as he sees it.”
“The People have a right to the Truth as they
have a right to life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness.”
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Activists
• Jane Addams: urban poor
• Florence Kelly: workers’ rights
• Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul: women’s
rights/suffrage
• Margaret Sanger: women’s rights & birth control
• John Dewey: education
• Eugene Debs: unions, etc.
Politicians
• Robert La Follette: Wisconsin governor & senator
• William U’Ren: Oregon Rep.
• Louis Brandeis: Supreme Court (anti-Monopoly)
• TR: Square Deal
• Woodrow Wilson: New Freedom
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Political Reforms
Purpose: make voting more democratic
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Political Reforms
Purpose: make voting more democratic
Three major reforms:
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Political Reforms
Purpose: make voting more democratic
Three major reforms:
1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Political Reforms
Purpose: make voting more democratic
Three major reforms:
1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic
2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of
representatives
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Political Reforms
Purpose: make voting more democratic
Three major reforms:
1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic
2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of
representatives
3.Recall: vote on bad politicians before term is up
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Political Reforms
Purpose: make voting more democratic
Three major reforms:
1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic
2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of
representatives
3.Recall: vote on bad politicians before term is up
Two amendments:
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Political Reforms
Purpose: make voting more democratic
Three major reforms:
1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic
2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of
representatives
3.Recall: vote on bad politicians before term is up
Two amendments:
• 17th Amendment: people vote directly for Senators
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Political Reforms
Purpose: make voting more democratic
Three major reforms:
1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic
2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of
representatives
3.Recall: vote on bad politicians before term is up
Two amendments:
• 17th Amendment: people vote directly for Senators
• 19th Amendment: women’s suffrage
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Political Reforms
Purpose: make voting more democratic
Three major reforms:
1.Initiative: voters push for a vote on needed topic
2.Referendum: people vote directly instead of
representatives
3.Recall: vote on bad politicians before term is up
Two amendments:
• 17th Amendment: people vote directly for Senators
• 19th Amendment: women’s suffrage
Effects:
• Machine system erodes
• More people can vote
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Business Reforms
• Trustbusting (TR & Taft)
• TR didn’t favor business like previous presidents
• Mediated UMW strike, RR strike, etc. with gains for
workers
• Standard Oil & Northern Securities Co. broken up
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Business Reforms
• Trustbusting (TR & Taft)
• TR didn’t favor business like previous presidents
• Mediated UMW strike, RR strike, etc. with gains for
workers
• Standard Oil & Northern Securities Co. broken up
Laws
Hepburn Act (1906)
Allowed ICC to set maximum RR rates, etc.
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
Closed loopholes used by big business under Sherman Act
Federal Trade Commission (1914)
Watch over big business
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Business Reforms
• Trustbusting (TR & Taft)
• TR didn’t favor business like previous presidents
• Mediated UMW strike, RR strike, etc. with gains for
workers
• Standard Oil & Northern Securities Co. broken up
Laws
Hepburn Act (1906)
Allowed ICC to set maximum RR rates, etc.
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
Closed loopholes used by big business under Sherman Act
Federal Trade Commission (1914)
Watch over big business
Effects: worker wages rise, unions empowered
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Workers’ Rights
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Workers’ Rights
Keating Owen Act
• Bans products made w/ child labor from interstate
commerce
• National Child labor committee as watchdog (regulates hrs,
etc)
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Workers’ Rights
Keating Owen Act
• Bans products made w/ child labor from interstate
commerce
• National Child labor committee as watchdog (regulates hrs,
etc)
Adamson Act
• 8 hr workday for RR workers
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Workers’ Rights
Keating Owen Act
• Bans products made w/ child labor from interstate
commerce
• National Child labor committee as watchdog (regulates hrs,
etc)
Adamson Act
• 8 hr workday for RR workers
Muller v. Oregon
• Sets maximum hrs for female laundry workers
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Cities & Living Conditions
•
•
•
•
•
Parks created in urban areas
Amusement parks
Urban planning
Better garbage collection, street cleaning
Better sewage systems
Effects: disease & infant mortality decline
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Moral Control
Temperance
• Women’s Christian Temperance Union
(WCTU) & Anti-Saloon League
• Webb-Kenyon Act (1913)
• Volstead Act (1919)
• Prohibition: 18th Amendment
Anti-prostitution
• Mann Act (White Slave Act)
(1910)
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Health & Medicine
• Meat Inspection Act
–The Jungle
• Pure Food & Drug Act
• Narcotics Act
• Only prescribed by doctors
• Cocaine removed from Coca Cola, etc.
• Immunizations for school age kids
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
The Environment
• National Reclamation Act – funds dams & irrigation
• TR sets aside 200 million acres for parks, etc.
• Boy/Girl Scouts, Sierra Club
• TR’s advisors - John Muir & Gifford Pinchot
• Antiquities Act – protects archaeological sites
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Immigration
• Progressive wanted to preserve “white”
values
• Limited immigration – blamed immigrants for
poor morals, urban decay
• Chinese Exclusion Act & literacy tests for
immigrants
• Eugenics
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Banking & Finance
• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican
party
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Banking & Finance
• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican
party
• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose
national income tax
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Banking & Finance
• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican
party
• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose
national income tax
• Federal Reserve created (1913)
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Banking & Finance
• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican
party
• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose
national income tax
• Federal Reserve created (1913)
–More or less to replace Bank of the Untied
States
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Banking & Finance
• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican
party
• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose
national income tax
• Federal Reserve created (1913)
–More or less to replace Bank of the Untied
States
• Federal Farm Loan Act
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Banking & Finance
• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican
party
• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose
national income tax
• Federal Reserve created (1913)
–More or less to replace Bank of the Untied
States
• Federal Farm Loan Act
–Easier for farmers to get low-interest loans
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Banking & Finance
• Politicians split over tariffs; divided Republican
party
• 16th Amendment: Congress allowed to impose
national income tax
• Federal Reserve created (1913)
–More or less to replace Bank of the Untied
States
• Federal Farm Loan Act
–Easier for farmers to get low-interest loans
–Addresses concerns of Federal Reserve
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Failures of Progressivism
Civil rights
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Failures of Progressivism
Civil rights
• Federal fed gov’t did little about racism in
South and elsewhere
• Plessy v Ferguson (separate but equal)
• Allows for “Jim Crow” laws in South (legal
segregation)
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Failures of Progressivism
Civil rights
• Federal fed gov’t did little about racism in
South and elsewhere
• Plessy v Ferguson (separate but equal)
• Allows for “Jim Crow” laws in South (legal
segregation)
• Lynching was up in South
• No law passed
• Ida Wells-Barnett
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Failures of Progressivism
Civil rights
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Failures of Progressivism
Civil rights
• Split in black social thought: WEB DuBois vs.
Booker T. Washington
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Failures of Progressivism
Civil rights
• Split in black social thought: WEB DuBois vs.
Booker T. Washington
–DuBois
• Immediate civil rights
• Liberal arts education
• Use courts to get rights
• Niagara Movement
• NAACP
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Failures of Progressivism
Civil rights
• Split in black social thought: WEB DuBois vs. Booker T. Washington
– DuBois
• Immediate civil rights
• Liberal arts education
• Use courts to get rights
• Niagara Movement
• NAACP
–Washington:
• Gradual civil rights
• Vocational education
• Tuskegee Institute
• Atlanta Compromise Doctrine
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Failures of Progressivism
Civil rights
• Split in black social thought: WEB DuBois vs.
Booker T. Washington
–DuBois: immediate civil rights, liberal arts ed.
• Niagara Movement, NAACP – use courts to
get rights
–Washington: gradual civil rights, vocational ed.
• Tuskegee Institute & Atlanta Compromise
Doctrine
• End of Progressive Era – WWI
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
1900 Election
• William McKinley (Republican)
• William Jennings Bryant (Democrat)
• McKinley reelected
• Teddy Roosevelt named VP
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Roosevelt as President
• Replaces McKinley after he is assassinated (Sept.
1901)
• Increases power of executive branch (“bully pulpit”
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Roosevelt as President
• Replaces McKinley after he is assassinated (Sept.
1901)
• Increases power of executive branch (“bully pulpit”
1908 Election
• TR hand picks Taft as his successor, goes to
Africa
• William Jennings Bryant (Democrat)
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
Roosevelt as President
• Replaces McKinley after he is assassinated (Sept.
1901)
• Increases power of executive branch (“bully pulpit”
1908 Election
• TR hand picks Taft as his successor, goes to
Africa
• William Jennings Bryant (Democrat)
Taft as President
• Legislative branch gains power under Speaker
Joseph Cannon
• Seen as Taft undoing much TR’s work
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1900 - 1917
1912 Election
• William Taft: Republican
• Teddy Roosevelt: Progressive Party (Bull Moose
party)
• Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)
• Taft & TR split the vote, Wilson gets elected