STANDARD(S) ADDRESSED:
11.2 Students analyze the relationship among the rise of
industrialization, large-scale rural to urban migration,
and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern
Europe.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
1. Explain how the abundance of natural
resources, new recovery and refining
methods, and new uses for them led to
intensive industrialization.
2. Identify inventions that changed the way
people lived and worked.
Section 1
The Expansion of Industry
At the end of the 19th century, natural resources,
creative ideas, and growing markets fuel an
industrial boom.
NEXT
SECTION
1
The Expansion of Industry
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
The Growth of Industry
• By 1920s, U.S. is world’s leading industrial power,
due to:
- wealth of natural resources
- government support for business
- growing urban population
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION 1:
A New Industrial Age
• Natural resources and new
ideas create a boom for
industry and railroads.
Government addresses
corruption in business, and
laborers organize for better
working conditions.
THE EXPANSION OF INDUSTRY
At the end of the
19th century, natural
resources, creative
ideas, and growing
markets fuel an
industrial boom.
• After the Civil War
(1865) the U.S. was still
largely agriculture
• By 1920, the U.S. was
the leading industrial
power in the world
• This enormous growth
was due to three
factors;
– 1) Natural Resources
– 2) Governmental support
– 3) Urbanization
Natural Resources Fuel
Industrialization
The Growth of Industry
• By 1920s, U.S. is world’s leading
industrial power, due to:
- wealth of natural resources
- government support for business
- growing urban population
• After the Civil War, the United States
was still a mostly rural nation.
• By the 1920’s it had become a leading
industrial nation of the world.
• This immense change was caused by
three major factors.
Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources
1. Which resources
played crucial roles
in industrialization?
Crude oil;
iron ore;
coal
SECTION
1
The Expansion of Industry
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
Black Gold
• Pre-European arrival, Native Americans make
fuel, medicine from oil
• 1859, Edwin L. Drake successfully uses steam
engine to drill for oil
• Petroleum-refining industry first makes kerosene,
then gasoline
Continued . . .
NEXT
Natural Resources Fuel
Industrialization
BLACK GOLD
• Pre-European arrival, Native
Americans make fuel,
medicine from oil
• 1859, Edwin L. Drake
successfully uses steam
engine to drill for oil
• Petroleum-refining industry
first makes kerosene, then
gasoline
Natural Resources Fuel
Industrialization
• In 1859, Edwin Drake used
a steam engine to drill for oil
• This breakthrough started
an oil boom in the Midwest
and later Texas
•
At first the process was
limited to transforming the
oil into kerosene and
throwing out the gasoline -a by-product of the process
• Later, the gasoline was
used for cars
Factor 1: Abundant Natural
Resources
2. How did
Edwin L. Drake
help industry to
acquire larger
quantities of oil?
Used a steam
engine to extract
oil from beneath
the earth's
surface
SECTION
1
continued
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
Bessemer Steel Process
• Abundant deposits of coal, iron spur industry
• Bessemer process puts air into iron to remove
carbon to make steel
• Later open-hearth process makes steel from scrap
or raw materials
NEXT
Bessemer Steel Process
Abundant deposits of
coal, iron spur industry
• Bessemer process
puts air into iron to
remove carbon to make
steel
• Later open-hearth
process makes steel
from scrap or raw
materials
BESSEMER CONVERTOR
CIRCA 1880
• Oil was not the only
valuable natural
resource
• Coal and iron were
plentiful within the
U.S.
• When you removed the
carbon from iron, the
result was a lighter,
more flexible and rust
resistant compound –
Steel
• The Bessemer process
did just did (Henry
Bessemer & William
Kelly)
Factor 1: Abundant Natural
Resources
Was a cheap,
3. How did the
efficient method
Bessemer
for
turning
iron
process allow
ore into steel
better use of iron
ore?
SECTION
1
continued
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
New Uses for Steel
• Steel used in railroads, barbed wire, farm machines
• Changes construction: Brooklyn Bridge; steel-framed
skyscrapers
NEXT
STEEL
New Uses for Steel
• Steel used in railroads,
• barbed wire,
• farm machines
• Changes construction:
• Brooklyn Bridge;
• steel-framed
skyscrapers
NEW USES FOR STEEL
• The railroads,
with thousands of
miles of track,
were the biggest
customers for
steel
• Other uses
emerged: bridge
construction
(Brooklyn Bridge1883),and the
first skyscrapers
BROOKLYN BRIDGE
SPANS 1595 FEET IN NYC
American skyscraper
• William Le Baron Jenney was an
American architect and engineer who
is known for building the first
skyscraper in 1884 and became
known as the Father of the American
skyscraper.
Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources
4. What new uses
for steel were
developed at this
time?
Railroads;
barbed wire;
farm machines;
bridge
and skyscraper
construction
CH6:1
• A – What natural resources were most
important for industrialization?
– Oil, coal, iron ore, water.
• Why are these resources important?
– Spurred growth in various industries.
SECTION
1
Inventions Promote Change
An Age of Inventions
• Numerous new inventions change the landscape,
life, work
Continued . . .
NEXT
An Age of Inventions: List all of the
technological inventions of between
1826 to 1903.
•
•
•
•
•
Photograph
Reaper
Telegraph
Sewing machine
Internal combustion
Engine
• Dynamite
• Typewriter
• Electric Motor
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Electric Motor
Telephone
Phonograph
Light bulb
Radio
Motion pictures
X-ray
Airplane
SECTION
1
Inventions Promote Change
The Power of Electricity
• 1876, Thomas Alva Edison establishes first
research laboratory
- 1880, patents incandescent light bulb
- creates system for electrical production,
distribution
• Electricity changes business; by 1890, runs
numerous machines
• Becomes available in homes; encourages
invention of appliances
• Allows manufacturers to locate plants
anyplace; industry grows
Continued . . .
NEXT
Thomas Alva Edison the wizard of
Menlo park
–
–
–
–
Set up a research laboratory;
Perfected the incandescent light bulb;
Created a system for producing and distributing
electrical power;
Built power plants.
Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions
5. How did Thomas
Alva Edison contribute
to this development?
Set up a research
laboratory;
perfected the
incandescent light-bulb;
created a system for
producing and
distributing electrical
power;
built power plants
An Age of Inventions: List all of the
technological inventions of between
1826 to 1903.
•
•
•
•
•
Photograph
Reaper
Telegraph
Sewing machine
Internal combustion
Engine
• Dynamite
• Typewriter
• Electric Motor
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Electric Motor
Telephone
Phonograph
Light bulb
Radio
Motion pictures
X-ray
Airplane
Internal combustion engine
THE POWER OF
ELECTRICITY
• 1876, Thomas Alva Edison establishes
first research laboratory
- 1880, patents incandescent light bulb
- creates system for electrical production,
distribution
• Electricity changes business; by 1890,
runs numerous machines
• Becomes available in homes;
encourages invention of appliances
• Allows manufacturers to locate plants
anyplace; industry grows
THE POWER OF
ELECTRICITY
• 1876- Thomas Alva Edison established the
world’s first research lab in New Jersey
• Edison was a prolific inventor, holding
1,093 US patents in his name
• The DC supply system provided
electricity supplies to street lamps and
several private dwellings within a short
distance of the station.
• On January 19, 1883, the first
standardized incandescent electric
lighting system employing overhead
wires began service in Roselle, New
Jersey.
CH6:1
• B – How did electricity change
American life?
– It changed the nature of business,
– made possible the invention of new
appliances,
– and helped cities and industries to grow.
George Westinghouse, Jr
• An American entrepreneur and
engineer who invented the
railway air brake and was a
pioneer of the electrical
industry. Westinghouse was
one of Thomas Edison's main
rivals in the early
implementation of the American
electricity system.
Westinghouse's system
ultimately prevailed over
Edison's insistence on direct
current.
• GW develop the alternating
current system.
Factor 2: Increasing Number of
Inventions
Made electricity
6. How did
safer and less
George
expensive
Westinghouse
contribute to it?
SECTION
1
continued
Inventions Promote Change
Inventions Change Lifestyles
• Christopher Sholes invents typewriter in 1867
• 1876, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Watson
introduce telephone
• Office work changes; by 1910, women are 40% of
clerical workers
• Inventions impact factory work, lead to
industrialization
- clothing factories hire many women
• Industrialization makes jobs easier; improves
standard of living
- by 1890, average workweek 10 hours shorter
- as consumers, workers regain power in market
• Some laborers think mechanization reduces
value of human worker
NEXT
Christopher Sholes:
– Invented the typewriter
• His invention forever affected office work and
paperwork
• It also opened many new jobs for women
• 1870: Women made up less than 5% of workforce
• 1910: They made up 40%
Factor 2: Increasing Number of
Inventions
7. How did
Christopher
Sholes
contribute?
Invented the
typewriter
Alexander Graham Bell
– Invented the telephone.
– Unveiled invention in 1876
Factor 2: Increasing Number
of Inventions
8. How did
Alexander
Graham Bell
contribute?
Invented the
telephone
Factor 3: Expanding Urban
Population
Provided
Provided a ready
markets for new supply of labor for
inventions and industry
industrial goods