ACOS #10: Describe events between 1803 and 1860 that led to the expansion of the
territory of the United States
ACOS #10a: Trace expeditions of Lewis and Clark in the American West, including
the role of Sacagawea
ACOS #10b: Identify the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine.
ACOS #11: Explain causes of and major events occurring during the War of 1812.
ACOS 11a: Locate on a map major areas of conflict in the War of 1812, including
Washington, DC
 Prosperity – economic success and
security.
 Nationalism – a devotion to one’s
country.
 Foreign policy – a government’s
actions toward other nations.
 In the early 1800’s, Britain and France were at war.
 President Jefferson wanted the United States to
stay neutral so they could continue to trade with
both countries.
 Britain started raiding American ships looking for
British sailors. Sometimes in the raids, they would
capture American sailors and make them serve in
the British navy.
 This ‘impressment’ caused American and Great
Britain to become enemies.
 In 1810, a group in Congress, the War Hawks,
began calling for war against Britain.
 The War Hawks were angry for 2 reasons:
 Britain impressing American sailors into their navy and
because
 American Indians continued to fight settlers on the
frontier and the War Hawks suspected the British were
supplying the Indians with weapons.
 He was a Shawnee chief who
wanted to unite all the American
Indian nations west of the
Appalachian Mountains.
Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet, wanted to
keep the settlers away.
Tecumseh and nearly 1,000 followers lived near the
Tippecanoe River in Indian Territory.
William Henry Harrison thought the Indians were
a threat.
Harrison and Tecumseh, along with their followers
had a battle at Tippecanoe.
After the battle, Tecumseh went to Canada to join
the British against the settlers.
 Remember what you learned about Tecumseh and his
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brother ,the Prophet, last year in Alabama History.
They came into Alabama and “fired up” the Creek
Indians. This led to the Creek Indian War.
The Red Sticks wanted war, like Tecumseh.
The White Sticks wanted peace with the settlers.
The Massacre at Fort Mims was a result of the Creek
Indian War.
 On June 18, 1812, Congress declared war against
Britain.
 The United States wanted to stop the impressment of
American sailors.
 They also wanted to stop the British from helping the
American Indians fight the settlers.
Most of the battles took place near Canada.
Captain Oliver Perry forced British ships on Lake
Erie to surrender.
Americans won the battle on the Thames (Tims)
River and the Battle of Lake Champlain.
Tecumseh died in the battle on the Thames River.
Some Creek and Cherokee Indians still fought on
America’s side.
 In August, 1814, Great Britain attacked
Washington, D.C.
 The President Madison’s wife, Dolly
Madison saved some important papers.
 She also saved a famous painting of George
Washington.
 British forces burned the White House and
other buildings in Washington, D.C.
Next, the British moved on to Baltimore-Cannons
from Britain’s ships fired on Fort McHenry.
The U.S. Army did not surrender.
 He was a lawyer who watched the
battle at Fort McHenry at the
Baltimore Harbor.
 The sight of the American flag
flying over the fort in the early
morning inspired him to write a
poem.
 This poem was later set to
music and became the ‘Star
Spangled Banner’, which is
our country’s national
anthem.
 After 2 years of fighting, no one was winning the war,
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so American and Great Britain decided to end it.
A peace treaty was signed in 1814 in Ghent, Belgium.
The treaty did not give either side any new land.
Things just returned to what they were.
News of the peace treaty took a long time to reach
America.
Meanwhile, British soldiers attacked
New Orleans.
Andrew Jackson led the army in
New Orleans, and forced the British
soldiers back.
Jackson’s brave defense of New Orleans
made
him a national hero.
 The time after the war was one of peace and
prosperity.
 Prosperity is economic success and security.
This period was called the ‘Era of Good Feeling’.
During this period of ten years, people had a
new sense of nationalism.
Nationalism is a devotion to one’s country.
new sense of pride created more interest in the
national flag.
In 1818, Congress passed a law about how many
stripes and stars would be on the flag-13 stripes
for the 13 original colonies and a star for each
state.
 After the War of 1812, the United States wanted to keep
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European countries out of the Western Hemisphere.
President James Monroe, who was elected in 1816, was
worried that European countries would invade the
Americas.
He was especially worried that Spain might try to take over
former colonies in America.
President Monroe warned European countries to stay out
of North and South America and in return, promised to
keep America out of European fights.
This was a new foreign policy called the ‘Monroe Doctrine’.
Foreign policy is a government’s actions toward another
country.
The ‘Monroe Doctrine’ also warned that United States
would act to protect countries in the Western Hemisphere.
 Another sign of growing pride was a
new interest in writers from the
United States.
 In 1828, Noah Webster published the
first dictionary of English that was
used in America.
 Webster’s dictionary showed how
people in the United States spoke
and included words found only in
American-English.
 Many words came from AmericanIndian languages.
 Washington Irving wrote
The Legend of Sleepy
Hollow, Rip Van Winkle,
and other short stories.
 James Fenimore Cooper
wrote many novels,
including The Last of the
Mohicans.