http://www.history.com/topics/war-of-1812
6.4
The War of 1812
War breaks out again between the United States
and Britain in 1812.
NEXT
SECTION
4
I. The War Hawks Demand War
A. British and French Rivalries
-Thomas Jefferson won reelection in 1804
• British blockade or seal French ports to prevent
ships from entering
• Britain, France seize American ships, confiscate
cargoes
B. Grievances Against Britain
• Impressment —seizing Americans, drafting them
into British navy
• Chesapeake incident further angers Americans
-British opened fire, killing 3, wounding 18
• Jefferson convinces Congress to declare
embargo, or ban on exports (Embargo Act 1807)
• Embargo, meant to hurt Europe, also hurts U.S.
Continued . . .
NEXT
http://www.eighteentwelve.ca/?q=eng/Topic/
6
SECTION
4
C. Tecumseh’s Confederacy
• Native American chiefs-sign away 3 million acres to
U.S. government
• Tecumseh tries to form N-Am confederacy:
- tells people to return to traditional beliefs, practices
D. The War Hawks
• want war with Britain because natives use British
arms
-young congressmen from South and West
NEXT
SECTION
4
II. The War Brings Mixed
Results
A. The War in Canada
• Madison chooses war, thinks Britain
is crippling U.S. trade, economy
• U.S. army unprepared; early British
victories
• N-Ams fight on both sides; Tecumseh
killed in battle
B. The War at Sea
• U.S. navy only 16 ships
• British blockade U.S. ports along east coast
-most American ships bottled up in port
Continued . . .
NEXT
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-1814burning-of-washington-d-c/
http://www.history.com/topics/battle-ofnew-orleans
SECTION
4
C. British Burn the White House
• British burn Washington D.C. in retaliation
-federal officials flee the capital
D. The Battle of New Orleans
• General Andrew Jackson fights N-Ams,
gains national fame
• In 1815, defeats superior British force
at Battle of New Orleans
-Jackson’s greatest victory
-war was over when battle took place
Continued . . .
NEXT
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMXqg2PK
JZU
SECTION
4
E. The Treaty of Ghent
• Peace agreement signed December 1814
• Declares armistice or end to fighting; does
not resolve all issues
• 1815, commercial treaty reopens trade
between Britain and U.S.
• 1817, agreement limits war ships on Great
Lakes
• 1818, northern boundary of Louisiana
Territory set at 49th parallel
• Agree to jointly occupy Oregon Territory for 10
years
• Americans were unable to resolve issues
differences that began to divide the nation
The Treaty of Ghent was a document which
officially ended the war. It was signed by both
the British and the Americans in Ghent, Belgium
on December 24, 1814.
NEXT