Monday, December 1, 2014

 Homework: Places, people, vocabulary page 156
 Do Now: Did you ever move to a new town, or even
a new house or school? How does a person feel
when starting new somewhere? Describe the
experiences. If you never experienced this, think
about how you would feel if you did.
Tensions on the Rise

 Tensions were growing between England and Spain,
especially when it came to colonization of the New
World
 England’s attempt to colonize North America and
the English sea captains raiding Spanish ships for
gold and silver angered the Spanish king greatly
The Last Straw

 Francis Drake was one of the noteworthy captains in
England. He had raided a Spanish ship on a trip
around the world and brought back gold and silver
 This made him a hero in England, but Spain needed
retaliation
 In 1588, King Phillip decided to attack England by
assembling the Spanish Armada
Spanish Armada

 A huge fleet of war ships (Armada is the Spanish
word for fleet)
 With 130 ships carrying 30,000 soldiers and sailors,
the Spanish were confident of a victory
English navy gets victory

 The English navy had some important advantages
 The ships were smaller and moved faster with more
powerful guns
 Of the Spanish Armada’s 130 ships, only about 60
made it safely back to Spain
 Now, England could turn their attention back to
colonies in North America
The Virginia Company

 In 1606, a group of merchants formed the Virginia
Company of London
 They asked King James I for a charter to set up a
colony in Virginia
 The owners raised money by selling stock where
each person would earn a profit if the colony was
successful
The Jamestown Colony

 In 1607, 3 English ships carrying about 120 colonists
reached the eastern coast of Virginia
 They traveled along a river which they named James
River to honor the King
 When they picked a spot to set up their colony, they
called it Jamestown
 What they thought would be a great land turned out
to fail
Jamestown, not so great

 Land was low and swampy
 Air was full of disease-carrying mosquitos
 River water was not healthy to drink
 Almost as soon as they had arrived at Jamestown,
many settlers began to die
Wednesday, December 3, 2014

 No Homework 
 Do Now: Read pages 160-162)
Gold in Virginia?

 Some Jamestown colonists were so focused on
finding gold that they neglected building shelter or
planting food
 By the end of their first year, only 38 of the first
settlers were alive
 John Smith was elected leader and made some
changes
Under Smith’s
leadership

 The colonists built houses and dug wells for fresh
water
 Smith began trading with Chief Powhatan (the corn
from the Powhatans helped keep colonists alive)
 Things were peaceful between the colonists and the
Powhatan people
Pocahontas

 She was the young daughter of Chief Powhatan who
often visited Jamestown
 John Smith later wrote that when he first met the
chief, Smith was taken prisoner and 12 year old
Pocahontas convinced her father not to kill him
Without John Smith

 Smith returned to England in 1609
 Without his leadership, the colony suffered
 People died of hunger so often that this time became
known as the “starving period”
 The colony dwindled until England sent over new
colonists with a new leader, Lord De La Warre
Tobacco helps
Jamestown

 Tobacco was native to the Americas and the native
people had shown early settlers how to plant and
grow it
 Tobacco became popular in Europe which helped
make it Virginia’s first cash crop
 Although the king did not approve, tobacco was
rapidly being shipped to England
Farmers needed help

 Because tobacco popularity was growing so quickly,
farmers needed help
 Thousands of English indentured servants began
arriving in Jamestown
 Between 1619 and 1622, many of the newly arrived
indentured servants died of disease or overwork and
mistreatment of their masters
Colony of Jamestown
continues to grow

 Later, Africans were brought over and sold to help
the work effort
 The marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas in 1614
helped maintain peace between the English settlers
and the Powhatan people
Wednesday, December 10, 2014

 Homework: page 43 workbook
 Do Now:
 Hand in Pocahontas paragraphs
 Read “You Are There” on page 164. Why is Samual de
Champlain looking for a specific river? What is he
hoping to discover?
Samuel de Champlain

 A French explorer who was part of an expedition
exploring the St. Lawrence River (present-day
Canada)
 The expedition was a search for the Northwest
Passage (waterway connecting the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans making it easier to sail between
Europe and Asia)
Quebec and Montreal

 Champlain founded the French colony of Quebec on
the St. Lawrence River
 Quebec was near forests full of beavers and beaver
fur was very profitable
 Quebec thrived and became a trading center
 The French also founded Montreal, together this
region became known as New France
Dutch settlements

 1609, Dutch leaders sent English sea captain Henry
Hudson to search for a new water route to Asia
 Hudson sailed up a river hoping it was the
Northwest Passage, but when it proved to be too
shallow for the boat to sail through, he claimed the
land for the Dutch (known as New Netherland)
New Amsterdam

 1624 – Dutch settlers began building the town on
Manhattan island
 Here, the Dutch could control trade on the Hudson
River, later making New Amsterdam the biggest
most important Dutch settlement in North America
Friday, December 12, 2014

 Chapter 5 test next Friday! If you will be away, you
must take it early!
 Do Now: take out last night’s homework (page 167 –
letter to ruler)
Reasons to come to
North America

 Gain wealth
 Spread their religion
 Live on land of their own
 Some came for religious freedom
Seeking religious
freedom

 England at this time had separated from the Roman
Catholic Church
 They had their own church formed by King Henry
VIII, but many felt it was too much like the Roman
Catholic Church
Separatists

 A group became known as Separatists because they
wanted to separate from the Church of England
 They often faced persecution
 William Bradford was a leader of the group and
decided to leave England to start a settlement of their
own
Pilgrims

 These colonists coming over to worship freely
became known as the Pilgrims
 A person who journeys for religious reasons
 Bradford went to the Virginia Company and asked
permission to live on the land of Virginia
 He knew troubling times were up ahead
The Mayflower

 September 1620 – about 100 Pilgrims crowded a
small ship called the Mayflower
 This ship was pushed off course and landed in Cape
Cod
 John Smith had named this region New England
 Once the Pilgrims arrived they chose a rocky harbor
which they called Plymouth
Planning Ahead

 Before even landing the ship, the Pilgrims decided to
write a plan of government for their colony
 Mayflower Compact
 This said “just and equal laws…for the general good
of the colony”
Wednesday, November 27, 2013

 HAPPY THANKSGIVING!
 Do Now: What led to the pilgrims leaving England?
A warm welcome

 In early spring, while the Pilgrims were at work
planting seeds, a Native American named Samoset
walked onto their settlement and said “Welcome
Englishmen!”
 This meeting began a period of friendly relations
between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag
Keeping Peace

 Samoset explained about another Native American
named Squanto
 He had been captured and sold into slavery in Spain.
When escaped he had gone to England and learned
English
 Later, Squanto came back to live with the
Wampanoag. He acted as a translator when forming a
peace treaty between the Pilgrims and Massasoit
(Wampanoag leader)
The First Thanksgiving

 Squanto and the Wampanoag continued to help by showing
how and where to hunt and grow corn
 The Pilgrims decided to hold a celebration of thanksgiving.
 Together, they feasted on deer, wild duck, lobster, fish,
cornbread, pumpkin, squash, berries and wild plums.
 The 3 day celebration included games and races