TheCardiovascular System
• The cardiovascular
system carries
needed substances
to cells and carries
waste products
away from cells. In
addition, blood
contains cells that
fight disease.
• Is a muscle about the size of your fist
• Weighs approximately one pound
• Is located behind and slightly to the left of
the breastbone
• Pumps about 5 quarts (4.7 liters) of blood
every minute
• The heart is a hollow,
muscular organ that
pumps blood
throughout the body.
The right side of the
heart is completely
separated from the
left side by a wall of
tissue called the
septum.
• Each side has an
upper chamber, or
atrium, and a lower
chamber, or ventricle.
• As blood flows out of the heart and toward
thelungs, it passes through a valve like the
one here.
Two Loops
• Blood circulates through the
body in two loops, with the
heart at the center. In the
first loop, blood travels from
the heart to the lungs and
then back to the heart.
• In the second loop, blood is
pumped from the heart
throughout the body and
then returns to the heart.
Sequencing
Pathway of Blood
Introduction to Cardiovascular System
• Three Types of Blood Vessels
– Arteries
Carry blood away from heart
– Veins
Carry blood to heart
– Capillaries
Networks between arteries and veins
Blood Vessels
• The walls of arteries and veins have three
layers.
• The walls of capillaries are only one cell thick.
Artery and Vein
• In this photo, you can
compare the wall of
an artery with the wall
of a vein.
- A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Comparing and Contrasting
• Compare and contrast the three kinds of
blood vessels by completing a table like the
one below.
Blood Vessel
Function
Structure of Wall
Artery
Carries blood away from the
heart
Thick wall consisting of three
cell layers with thick muscle
in the middle layer
Capillary
Exchange of materials
between the blood and body
cells
Thin walls consisting of one
cell layer
Vein
Carries blood back to the
heart
Thick walls consisting of three
cell layers with thin muscle in
the middle layer
Blood
• Blood consists of liquid plasma and three
kinds of cells—red blood cells, white blood
cells, and platelets.
Formed Elements of Blood
Blood Types
• The marker molecules on your red blood cells
determine your blood type and the type of
blood that you can safely receive in
transfusions.
Blood Typing
• Four Basic Blood Types
– A (surface antigen A)
– B (surface antigen B)
– AB (antigens A and B)
– O (neither A nor B)
Blood Types and Cross Reactions
Blood Plasma Antibodies
– Type A
Type B antibodies
– Type B
Type A antibodies
– Type O
Both A and B antibodies –
Type AB
Neither A nor B antibodies
Blood Typing
• The Rh Factor
– Also called D antigen
– Either Rh positive (Rh+) or Rh negative (Rh-)
Only sensitized Rh- blood has anti-Rh antibodies
Blood Type Distribution
The circle graph shows the
percentage of each blood type
found in the U.S. population.
What does each edge of the graph represent?
The percentage of each blood type found in
the United States population
Rank the four major blood types—A, B, AB, and
O— from least common to most common. What
is the percentage of each type?
AB (4%), B (11%), A (40%), O (45%)
According to the graph, what percentage of the
population is Rh+? What percentage is Rh-?
84%; 16%
What type of blood can someone who is B-(blood type B and Rh-) receive? What
percentage of the population does that represent?
O- or B- blood; 9%
Use the data to make a table of the eight possible blood types. Include columns for the
A, B, AB, and O blood types; Rh factor (positive or negative); and percentage of the
population.
The data should be arranged in two columns and eight rows
Graphic Organizer
Loop
Side of Heart
Where Loop
Starts
Where Blood
Flows to
Where Blood
Returns to
Loop One
Right side
Lungs
Left atrium
Loop Two
Left side
Body
Right atrium
- Cardiovascular Health
Asking Questions
Cardiovascular Health
Question
What are some
cardiovascular diseases?
How can a person keep
healthy?
Answer
Cardiovascular diseases
include atherosclerosis and
hypertension.
Exercise regularly, eat a
healthy diet, and avoid
smoking.
• a condition in which
an artery wall
thickens as a result
of the accumulation
of fatty materials
such as cholesterol
Blood Supply To The Heart
2 coronary arteries
branch from the main
aorta just above the
aortic valve.
No larger than drinking
straws, they carry out
about 130 gallons of
blood through the heart
muscle daily.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Coronary artery disease is one of the most commonand serious
effects of aging. Fatty deposits build up in blood vessel walls
and narrow the passageway for the movement of blood. The
resulting condition, called atherosclerosis often leads to
eventual blockage of the coronary arteries and “heart attack”.
Signs and Symptoms
• None: This is referred to as silent ischemia.
Blood to your heart may be restricted due
to CAD, but you don’t feel the effects
• Chest Pain: If your coronary arteries can’t
supply enough blood to meet the oxygen
demands of your heart, the result may be
chest pain called angina.
• Shortness of breath: Some people may
not be aware they have CAD until they
develop symptoms of congestive heart
failure- extreme fatigue with exertion,
shortness of breath and swelling in their
feet and ankles.
• Heart attack: Results when an artery to
your heart muscle becomes completely
blocked and the party of your heart
muscles fed by that artery dies.
Risk Factors
• Controllable
• Uncontrollable
– Sex
– Heredity
– Race
– Age
– High Blood Pressure
– High Blood
Cholesterol
– Smoking
– Physical Activity
– Obesity
– Diabetes
– Stress and anger