GPC 126
Physiological Psychology
Micro-Structures
Nervous System
Lecture #3
Dean Owen, Ph.D., LPCC
METU-NCC
Spring 2016
Lecture 3
This presentation has been created to assist in the
mastery of the material contained in Chapter 2
of the text
Foundations of Physiological Psychology
by
Neil R. Carlson
All of the material contained in the presentation is
drawn from the text.
Assignments
1. Honesty contracts, plagiarism certificates…??
2. Research Teams: Members and Mascot
Mascot
A mascot is any person, animal, or object
thought to bring luck or anything used to
represent a group with a common public
identity, such as a school, professional
sports team, society, military unit, or brand
name.
Seminar (in Turkish)
“Love and the Brain”
by
Dr. Mehmet Şakiroğlu
Dr. Serkan Karaismailoğlu
organized by the Guidance and
Psychological Counseling department,
Friday, 11 March 1.00pm
Culture and Convention Center Amfi 3.
Possible Presentation Topics
•Physiology of Aggression/hostility
•Marijuana Use and Addiction
•Narcolepsy
•Alzheimer’s Disease
•Physiology of Attraction and Love
•Sleep and circadian rhythm
•Drug Use and Abuse
•Physiology of Risk Taking
•Physiology of Happiness
•Memory and Learning
•Visual Perception and Visual Disorders
•Apraxia
•Dyslexia
If you have an idea
please share and
obtain approval
from the instructor
Possible Presentation Topics
•Hemispherical Dominance
•Electroconvulsive therapy
•Hypnosis
•Neuromusicology
•Neuropsychology of Memory
•Neuropsychology of sex and reproductive behavior
•Sleep and dreaming
If you have an idea
•Speech perception and production
•Visual attention
•Fatigue and Attention
obtain approval
•Multiple Sclerosis
from the instructor
•Dementia
please share and
Brain Lateralization
1.Sperry conducted experiments to
discover left and right brain
hemispheric specialization.
Roger Sperry
(1913-1994)
A brief history of physiological psychology
A brief history of physiological psychology
Left Brain
I am the left brain.
I am a scientist. A mathematician.
I love the familiar. I categorize. I am accurate.
Linear. Analytical. Strategic. I am practical.
Always in control.
A master of words and language. Realistic.
I calculate equations and play with numbers.
I am order. I am logic.
I know exactly who I am.
A brief history of physiological psychology
Right Brain
I am the right brain.
I am creativity. A free spirit.
I am passion. Yearning. Senseulaity. I am
the sound of roaring laughter. I am taste.
The feeling of sand beneath bare feet. I am
movement. Vivid colors. I am the urge to
paint on empty canvas. I am boundless
imagination. Art. Poetry. I sense. I feel. I am
everything I wanted to be.
PLOs
Primary Learning Objectives for today’s lesson
1. Describe the fundamental parts of a neuron
2. Explain the term action potential and how it
relates to neural transmission
3. Recall the structures involved in producing and
receiving neurotransmitters.
4. Describe the role and function of glial cells
5. Recall the various components of the human
nervous system and what each controls.
6. Describe the function of the blood/brain barrier.
Plan for the day
1. Review basic components of the human
nervous system
2. Review the fundamental anatomy and
physiology of the micro-structures of the CNS
3. Describe the process of neural
communications
Review of some basic terms
Cell: basic unit of life….
Review of same basic terms
Groups of cells are called tissue
Brain tissue
Lung tissue
Muscle tissue
Review of same basic terms
Groups of tissues are called organs
Kidney
Brain tissue
Groups of organs are called systems
Review of same basic terms
Groups of organs are called systems
Nervous
system
Review of same basic terms
Groups of systems are called…….
Us,
You and me
Human
Nervous
System
Component
Elements
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqvJZ1STLos
Human Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain
Spinal Chord
Human Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Composed of nerves and nerve pathways that can be grouped
according to function…..
Motor Neurons: Mediating voluntary
muscular movement
Autonomic Nervous System (visceral or
involuntary control)
Enteric Nervous System (controlling
digestion)
Human Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Motor Neurons: Motoneurons extend outwards from the CNS for
the purpose of controlling muscles.
Human Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Motor Neurons: Spinal Cord injury results in lose of sensation and
motor control.
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx
Come To Live in
Southern Chile
Human Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Autonomic
Nervous
System
(visceral or
involuntary
control)
ANS
Human Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Enteric
Nervous
System
(controlling digestion)
Cells of the Nervous System
The Neuron
The Neuron
Definition: The basic information processing and information transmitting
element in the nervous system.
4 Parts of a neuron:
Soma
Dendrites
Axon
Terminal Buttons
The Neuron
Definition: The basic information processing and
information transmitting element in the nervous system.
4 Parts of a neuron: DSAT
Dendrites: (from Greek word meaning “tree”) The portion of the cell that
receives information from transmitting cells.
Soma: The cell body with a nucleus and other structures for cellular life.
Axon: a long slender tube covered in myelin that carries information from
the cell body to the terminal buttons.
Terminal Buttons: Structures which produce chemicals called
neurotransmitters when excited by the actions potential.
DSAT
The Neuron
Basic Electricity Review
The Neuron
Basic Electricity Review
The Neuron
Basic Electricity Review
Chemistry
The Neuron
Basic Electricity Review
The flow
direction
is from
negative
to
positive
The Neuron
Basic Electricity Review
Myelin
The Neuron
Action Potential
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifD1Y
G07fB8
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/
chapter14/animation__the_nerve_impulse
.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIG
qp6_PG6k
The Neuron
Neural Communication
Basic Definitions
Synapse:
The junction or space
between the terminal button of one
neuron and the membrane of another
neuron.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWrnz-CiM7A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdUUP2pMmQ4
The Neuron
Neural Communication
Basic Definitions
Presynaptic neuron:
The
neuron which emits neurotransmitters
from its terminal buttons sending the
message to next neuron in the chain.
The Neuron
Neural Communication
Basic Definitions
Postsynaptic neuron:
The neuron which receives the
chemical message through its
receptor organs in the dendrite.
The Neuron
Function and
operation of
neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitter operation
Neurotransmitters
Hey Brain Sister
The Neuron
neurotransmitters.
a.Acetylcholine
b.Dopamine
c.GABA
d.Serotonin
e.Norepinephrine
f. Glutamate
Plus many more…….
The Neuron
Supporting Cells of the nervous systems
Glia: Special cells that bind neurons
together, protect them and care for them
by removing dead or diseased cells, and
regulate nutrients and oxygen.
The Neuron
Blood Brain Barrier: Semi-permiable
barrier between blood and the brain.
1. Blood is transported throughout the body by
arteries, vessels and finally by capillaries to the
cells….bringing oxygen and nutrients and
removing waste.…..
2. For neurons to work properly they must be
surrounded by a very precise fluid mixture…..
3. The capillaries in the brain and other NS structures
are different and do not allow blood to flow easily
to nerve tissues…..in other parts of the body the
capillaries allow blood to flow easily to cells.
The Neuron
Neuron Communication
10:30
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=c5cab4hgmoE
Micro-Structures
Review of Key Terms
Peripheral Nervous System: That part of the
nervous system that is outside of the brain and spinal cord.
Soma: Cell body of a neuron containing the nucleus.
Dendrite:
Branch like structures of a neuron that received
chemical messages from the terminal buttons of adjacent neurons.
Synapse:
The junction or space between the terminal
button of one neuron and the membrane of another neuron.
Micro-Structures
Review of Key Terms
Axon: The long, cylindrical structure of a neuron that conveys
information from the soma to the terminal buttons.
Terminal Button:
The bud-like structures at the distal
end of a neuron which forms the synapse with other neurons.
Neurotransmitter:
A chemical released by the terminal
buttons which conveys information across the synapse to adjacent
neurons: 2 types, excitatory, or inhibitory
Nucleus:
The structure in the soma containing the
chromosomes and necessary for reproduction of the neuron.
Micro-Structures
Review of Key Terms
Glia: The supporting cells of the central nervous system which
surround, bind, and care for neurons.
Astrocyte:
The star shaped glial cells that provide nutrients
and other substances to neurons and which regulate the chemical
composition of the extracellular fluid.
Myelin Sheath:
A coating of fatty tissue along the axon
which insulates the neuron and prevents information from
spreading to other neurons.
Blood Brain Barrier:
The semi-permeable barrier
between the blood and the brain created by the walls of the brains
capillaries.
Micro-Structures
Review of Key Terms
Homeostasis:
A state of balance or the normal condition.
Much of our autonomic nervous system is designed to create
balance….temperature, respiration….etc.
Action Potential: Action potentials in neurons are also
known as "nerve impulses" or "spikes", and the temporal
sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its
"spike train". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said
to "fire".
Micro-Structures
Questions?
Assignment for 17 March: Come to
class with a list of three (3) potential
topics for your research
presentation. These will be
discussed in class next week.
Please watch the following video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeo19WVQ47w
Class is over!
Harika!!