 What do you think it means to be industrialized?
 Can you give an example of a country that is, and one that is not?

1750-1850
(But really ongoing)

MAP OF LDCS- MDCS

LEARNING TARGETS
 I can explain the causes of the
Industrial Revolution and why it began in Britain.
 I can analyze the social, political and economic effects of the
Industrial Revolution.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
 The slow shift in production from simple hand tools to complex machines.
 A shift from an agricultural to a manufacturing economy
 A shift from rural to urban

CAUSES
 Improved farming methods
 Crop rotation, turnips to restore soil, seed drill, crossbreeding of livestock
 Enclosure: open farmlands enclosed into more productive fields.
 New technology
 James Watt – steam engine- became the key power source of the IR.
 Improved iron- used for the construction of machines and steam engines

WHY IT BEGINS IN BRITAIN:
 Using the text on pgs 250-253, make a concept web with the key factors that helped Britain take an early lead in industrialization. Explain them, don’t
JUST use one word!

WHY THIS REVOLUTION IS SO
IMPORTANT:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhL5DCizj5c

THE SEED DRILL

THE STEAM ENGINE

WORLD’S FIRST IRON BRIDGE, 1779

THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
 “The Cottage Industry” – the world’s first mechanized industry
 High demand for cloth – raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove thread into cloth in their homes.
 Small wages for workers, big profits for entrepreneurs.

TEXTILE INDUSTRY INVENTIONS
 John Kay – flying shuttle
 James Hargreaves – spinning jenny
 Richard Arkwright – water frame
 Main Idea: New machines were too big for homes.
New buildings were built to house them.
 “Factories” – located near rivers
 Power, transportation
 Production increased exponentially. Completely changed the economies and societies of Europe.

THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
 First steam locomotive: 1804 – traveled
2.5 mph
 1829-The Rocket – 16 mph, but still killed a member of the British Cabinet not paying attention on its debut
 World’s first railroad: The Liverpool-to-
Manchester opened in 1830.
 By 1860, trains were moving 60mph
.

 https://www.flocabulary.com/industrial -revolution/

URBANIZATION
 New farming techniques and mass production of goods put farmers and skilled craftsman out of work.
 Migrated to factory towns in search of work.
 City population exploded
 Ex: Manchester: 17,000 in 1750; 70,000 by
1800
 Living conditions horrible
 Overcrowding, entire families slept in 1 room slums
 No police, fire, health, water, or sanitation services

LIVING CONDITIONS
 Sewage ran through the streets
 “Londoners living near the Thames River kept their doors and windows closed year-round due to the smell of the river”

INDOOR BATHROOMS AKA EARTH CLOSETS

 12-16 hour workdays
 No mandatory breaks
 No safety devices on machines
 No disability or workers comp or insurance…if you got sick or injured, you just lost your job
 Employers preferred women and children workers:
 Paid them less
 Easier to manage
 Smaller hands