Industrial Revolution Begins:
Agricultural Changes

18th century the
population started
to increase

Britain needed more
food.

New ideas and
machines were
developed.
Agricultural Revolution
Enclosure Movement- Landowners fenced off their
property creating bigger farms that were more efficient.
These landowners were able to practice better farming
methods and produce more food with less labor.
People were forced to leave the farms and head to the
cities, giving you a new labor force.
Crop Rotation- using soil over and over to grow crops
takes out all the nutrients from the soil. Charles
Townsend found that planting turnips replenished the
soil, so he began to rotate his crops, 1/4 turnips, 3/4 the
other produce.
Breeding Animals: Selective Breeding
Robert Bakewell began to breed big animals with big
animals. By doing this it produced bigger stronger
animals that had more meat.
More meat= feed more people=healthier people=
Population Growth
Seed Drill- Jethro Tull developed a seed drill that
planted seeds directly into the soil. This enabled
farmers to plant straight rows so they could grow more
and not waste seeds. This increased overall production
of agricultural goods.
Less people to make more food=Healthier people=
Population growth= Larger demand for manufactured goods and
more workers.
Implications of the
Agricultural Revolution

Unemployment

People lost land

People moved to towns (urban areas)

In 1801, 69% of the population of Britain lived in
rural areas.

In 1881, it declined to 32%, people moved to urban
areas.
CAPITAL: Many British people were wealthy; they had the
money to invest.
NATURAL RESOURCES: G.B. had great waterways
making it easy to transport goods and use water as a supply of
power. It also had huge supplies of coal and iron.
LABOR SUPPLY: A.R. led to population growth, which
created labor and a market.
COLONIES: G.B. had established colonies around the world
that gave them a great place to get natural resources.
ENTREPRENEURS brought together capital, labor and new
inventions.
Britain has all the pieces to begin
manufacturing:
Labor
Natural Resources
Capital
What are they missing to make this all work?
Machinery:
Inventions Needed
Inventions:


Changes in Textile Industry – each invention led to the next

Flying shuttle

Spinning Jenny

Water Frame

Spinning Mule

Power Loom
Moves from domestic system to factory system

Domestic system: textile industry in individual homes

Factory system: textile industry moves to FACTORIES (large
machines needed space)

Cotton Frame

Cotton Gin
Improvements in Transportation



Steam Engine

Watt: Faster and efficient

For machines, boats, and later: trains
Water Transportation

Steam Boats

Canals
Road Transportation

Road improvements for drainage

Private companies build roads and operated for profit (tolls)
Railway Age Begins

Steam engine on wheels

Railroads revolutionized life in Britain

1. Spurred industrial growth

2. Created new jobs

3. Agriculture and Fishing industries grew

4. Country people could take city jobs and city people could travel to
country