Respiratory
System
&
Excretory /
Urinary System

KidsHealth

Breathing and Respiration
•
Cellular Respiration
– Cells using oxygen and glucose to make energy.
Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Simple Story…..
Ted Ed
CARBON
DIOXIDE
OXYGEN

The Functions of the
Respiratory System
• 1. Moves oxygen into the body for blood to carry to cells to make energy in mitochondria.
• 2. Moves carbon dioxide through the blood out of the body as waste from respiration.

Using your template, follow the pathway of oxygen as it is inhaled into your nose and mouth and enters your bloodstream.
Respiratory Animation

Using the following slides and your textbook pages 272 –
274…..
Explain the function of each organ listed on your template as air/oxygen enters the body, moves into your respiratory system, and enters your blood.

Path of Air….
1. Oxygen into Nose / Mouth
• Nasal cavity moistened and warmed
• Mucus traps dust, pollen, and other materials
• Cilia -Tiny, hair-like structures trap material
Sneezing

2. Pharynx (Throat)
• passageway used for food, liquid, and air.
3. Epiglottis flap of tissue over the trachea to keep food from going into lungs
4. Trachea
(windpipe)

5. Bronchi
• 2 short tubes that carry air into each lung.
6. Bronchioles
•bronchi branch into smaller tubes in lungs
Fun Fact
(FF):(As small as hair / 30,000 in each lung!!)
Coughing

- a muscle beneath lungs that contracts and relaxes to help move gases into and out of your lungs.
•
Hiccup – spasm in your diaphragm.
Diaphragm
Observation

8. Alveoli
Air sacs in the lungs where gases are exchanged by diffusion.
Fluid from pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, etc.
Fun Fact (FF) :The total surface area of the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs) is the size of a tennis court. 600 MILLION in EACH lung!!

Breathing and Speaking
• Larynx – voice box
• Air passes past the 2 vocal chords that produces your voice…..cool!

•
Forcing air between the cords causes them to vibrate and produce sounds.

Respiratory Infections
Identify the effects of the following on the respiratory system:

Respiratory Infections
•
Common cold upper part of the respiratory system – pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

•
Bronchitis - bronchioles are irritated and swell, too much mucus is produced.

•
Asthma Shortness of breath, wheezing, or coughing. The bronchial tubes contract quickly.

Smoking and the Respiration
System
• Tar, carbon monoxide, and nicotine damage lung tissue and alveoli.
Carcinogens - substances that can cause an uncontrolled growth of cells / cancer.

Diseases and Disorders of the Respiratory System
• Even if you are a nonsmoker, inhaling smoke from tobacco products—called secondhand smoke—is unhealthy and has the potential to harm your respiratory system.

Emphysema
• A disease in which the alveoli in the lungs enlarge .
• Alveoli can’t work. Less oxygen moves into the bloodstream from the alveoli.
• Blood becomes low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide, shortness of breath occurs.

Lung Cancer
• Inhaling the tar in cigarette smoke is the greatest contributing factor to lung cancer.
• .

Unhealthy Respiratory System and Its Effects on the
Circulatory System
• Smoking chemicals get into blood
• Carbon monoxide takes the place of the oxygen molecules in the blood
• Circulatory system is strained as it tries to get oxygen to cells
• Veins, arteries, and capillaries are irritated
• Smokers more prone to heart disease & heart attacks

Smoking, Tobacco, and Your Body
15

The
Excretory (Urinary)
System

Excretory / Urinary System

The Function of the
Excretory System
• Filters blood collecting and removing waste.

Identify the function of:
• Kidneys
– Nephrons
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Urethra

The Kidney
• Kidneys - Removes UREA (waste ) from the blood, and return clean blood back to the body.
• Fun Facts (FF):
-Every minute, about 1 liter of blood enters the kidneys.
• That's about one-fifth of all the blood in your body!

In the Kidney are…
Nephrons –
- filter the blood
- produce urine.
-control the amount of water in the body.
FF:1 Million in
Each Kidney!!

• Ureters – carry urine to the bladder
• Bladder – stores urine.
• Urethra – tube where urine flows from the body.
Also help ………..
liver (produces urea), skin (sweating), and lungs (exhaling water vapor)!!

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