Monday, December 2nd
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Welcome Back!
2 weeks until Finals
Going over emotion and stress these next two weeks
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Starting emotion today 
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Emotional Intelligence Test
THEORIES OF EMOTION
Emotion
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The experience of feelings
Can activate and affect behavior but it is more
difficult to predict the behavior prompted by a
motivation
Basic Emotions
• Plutchik proposed that there are eight
basic emotions
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Fear
Surprise
Sadness
Disgust
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Anger
Anticipation
Joy
Acceptance
Plutchik’s Basic Emotions
3 Steps: Emotions are a mix of…
1) physiological activation, 2) expressive
behaviors, and 3) conscious experience.
Theories
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Schachter-Singer Theory
Opponent Process Theory
Cognitive-Appraisal Theory
James Lange Theory
James-Lange Theory
The James-Lange
Theory proposes that
physiological activity
precedes the emotional
experience.
2. James-Lange theory
Body = emotion
“Without the bodily states following on the perception, the latter
would be purely cognitive in form; pale, colorless, destitute of
emotional warmth. We might then see the bear, and judge it best
to run... But we should not actually feel afraid.” (William James,
1890)
James, 1890, v. 2, p. 449 (Gleitman)
2. James-Lange theory
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Testing the theory:
Hypothesis 1: You need the body in order to feel
emotions.
Test: Interview people with high vs. low spinal cord
injuries
High spinal cord injury:
“Sometimes I act angry... But it doesn’t have the heat to it
that it used to. It’s a mental kind of anger.”
Hohman, 1966, pp. 150-151 (Carlson)
2. James-Lange theory
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Situation
 bodily reaction  emotion


FEAR
or
LOVE?
Facial Feedback Theory
Facial-Feedback
 Stimuls
invokes physiological arousal including movement
of facial muscles
 Brain interprets facial expression which gives rise to
your emotion
 Sequence
 Stimulus
(See snake)
 Make a face (fearful)
 Brain reads face
 Emotion (fear)
Cannon Bard Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Proposed that an
emotion-triggering
stimulus and the
body's arousal take
place simultaneously.
Cannon-Bard Theory
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See snake, run and fear simultaneous
Stimulus to thalamus -- sends simultaneous messages to:
 Lymbic
system (arousal)
 Cortex (fear)
Schechter-Singer Theory
Two Factor Theory
Schachter-Singer Theory
Two-Factor Theory
suggests our
physiology and
cognitions create
emotions.
Emotions have two
factors–physical
arousal and
cognitive label.
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3. The Schachter theory
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Situation
 bodily reaction  emotion
+ cognitive appraisal
FEAR


LOVE
3. The Schachter theory
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Testing the theory:
Hypothesis: The same bodily reaction will cause one
emotion in one situation, and another emotion in a
different situation.
 Give
people a dose of adrenaline;
 Put them in different situations;
 What happens?
FEAR
LOVE
Opponent Process Theory
Opponent Process Theory
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Opponent process theory
suggests that any given
emotion also has an opposed
emotion.
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(Fear/Relief
or
Sadness/Happiness)
Activation of one member of
the pair automatically
suppresses the opposite
emotion
But the opposing emotion can
serve to diminish the intensity
of the initial emotion.
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Opponent-Process Theory
For example, if you are
frightened by a mean dog,
the emotion of fear is
expressed and relief is
suppressed.
 If
the fear-causing stimulus
continues to be present, after
a while the fear decreases
and the relief intensifies.
Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Cognitive-Appraisal Theory
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For an emotion to occur, it is necessary to first think
about the situation.
Cognition Can Define Emotion
An arousal response to one event spills over into
our response to the next event. Spill over effect
Reuters/ Corbis
AP Photo/ Nati Harnik
Arousal from a soccer match can fuel anger, which
may lead to rioting.
Arousal fuels emotion, cognition channels it.
Cognition and Emotion
What is the connection between how we think
(cognition) and how we feel (emotion)?
Can we change our emotions by changing our
thinking?
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4
5
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Non-Verbal Communication
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http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommun
ication/tp/nonverbaltips.htm
Detecting Lies WS
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Read and annotate the excerpt about Detecting Lies
Identify 5 involuntary and voluntary facial
expressions