Mitosis Quiz Study Guide Nuclear Division Mitosis All cells do this (with a few exceptions) Ex: Nerve cells, fat cells, muscle cells do not go through mitosis (Thin Chromatin) Chromatin Chromosome Centromere Stretched out, unwound DNA; most of the time in this form. Looks like spaghetti. Nucleus looks granular Useable version of DNA Coiled up (condensed) version of chromatin; easier for moving DNA Only see this during mitosis Holds Sister Chromatids together Where spindle fibers grab chromosome (Think: Centro = center mere = middle) Sister Chromatid Cell Cycle Name the 4 phases Interphase (Between Divisions) G1 Phase or “Gap” Phase S Phase G2 Phase Or “Gap 2” Phase Two identical strands of a chromosome Cell Cycle = Life of a cell G1 Phase S Phase G2 Phase M Phase “Cell Growth and Protein Synthesis” Longest phase of Cell Cycle NOT part of Mitosis Includes: G1, S, G2 Cell is carrying out its function “Growth” Phase 1 When cell gets bigger and makes lots of proteins 1st part of Interphase “Synthesis” Phase Makes a copy of the DNA Single strand →Double strand 2nd part of Interphase “Growth 2” Phase Cell is getting ready to divide Getting organelles and proteins (Like going to grocery store to get the food to prepare dinner) 3rd part of Interphase Prophase Name the 4 phases of Mitosis (Nuclear division) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Centrioles Spindle Fibers Metaphase Anaphase PMAT “Prepare” Longest phase of Mitosis!!! Chromosomes coil up to make easy to move Nuclear envelope (membrane) dissolves Centrioles make spindle fibers Spindle fibers (muscles of chromosome) form to help move Organelle that is present only in ANIMAL CELLS and creates the spindle fibers Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of the sister chromatids to move them apart “Middle” Chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell Spindle fibers are attached Centrioles move to the poles “Apart” Chromosomes get pulled apart Shortest Phase Telophase Cytokenesis Not a phase of Mitosis!!! Part of Telokinesis Cytokenesis in Animal Cells What structure appears? Cytokenesis in Plant Cells What structure appears? Daughter Cells Centrosome “Tidy Up” Uncoil chromosomes Nuclear envelope reforms Spindle fibers go “bye-bye” Cell Division Last Part of Telophase NOT part of Mitosis Actual cell division into two cells Dividing into two daughter cells Creates a CLEAVAGE FURROW (Think: Animals have fur) Creates a CELL PLATE (Think: Hard cell wall is like a hard plate) Two new identical cells made Where centrioles lie that help make spindle fibers Plants = only have centrosomes Animals = have centrioles and centrosomes assist them Cell Cycle Know each phase and what the cell is doing in each! M Phase Know the phases of Mitosis!