THE
PERIODIC
TABLE
CH 5
Do you have your
elements and symbols
memorized?
• Make sure you print out
the STUDY GUIDE AND
GET TO STUDYING!
• Get your REFERENCE
TABLES READY
Roman Numerals
I, II, III, IV, V,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X
6, 7, 8, 9, 10
The Modern Periodic Table
– Periods are the
Horizontal rows, there
are 7 periods
• Period # tells the # of
energy levels (shells)
for those elements
•To the L of stairs
are M (except H), R
of stairs are NM
•Lanthanide
Series—57-70
•Actinide Series—
89-102
– Groups/Families
are the Vertical
columns, there are
18 Groups
• Elements w/in a
group have similar
chemical properties
•For the 8 “A” groups,
the group # is the # of
valence (outershell) e-
METALS
-good
conductors of heat & electricity
-Solids (except mercury)
-Ductile=
-Malleable=
-Shiny
Color the METALS
Become more Metallic
• Transition Metals are
located in groups 3-12
(aka B groups)
NONMETALS
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•
poor conductors of heat & electricity
low boiling points so most are gases
solids are brittle
Fluorine is the most reactive
nonmetal
Color the NONMETALS
Become more NonMetallic
METALLOIDS
• Metalloids are elements
with properties that fall
between those of metals &
nonmetals
• all touch stairs
• *Al is a METAL
OUTLINE the METALLOIDS
Star Questions
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What does the period # tell you?
# of energy levels
What does the A group # tell you?
# of valence electrons
How many periods on periodic table?
7
Other names for groups?
Columns, families
Valence Electrons
• A valence electron (known as
the outer shell electrons!) is
an e- in the highest occupied
energy level of an atom
• For the “A” groups, the group
# tells how many valence ethere are.
Alkali Metals
Become
more
Metallic
• Group 1A
• One valence/outer
shell e• Extremely reactive
• The reactivity
increases from the
top to the bottom
Alkaline Earth Metals
• Group 2A
• Two valence e• Reactivity is shown
by the way each
reacts w/ water.
The Boron Family
• Group 3A
• 3 valence e• Aluminum is
the most
abundant metal
in the Earth’s
crust
The Carbon Family
• Group 4A
• 4 valence e• Most of the
compounds in your
body contain carbon
• Silicon is the 2nd
most abundant
element in the
Earth’s crust
The Nitrogen Family
• Group 5A
• 5 valence e• Nitrogen &
Phosphorus are
used in fertilizers
The Oxygen Family
• Group 6A
• Six valence e• Oxygen is the most
abundant element in the
Earth’s crust
The Halogens
Become more
NonMetallic
• Group 7A
• Seven valence e• Highly reactive
(Fluorine is the
most reactive NM)
• Reactivity
increases from
bottom to top
The Noble Gases
• Group 8A
• Eight valence e(except for Helium)
• Colorless, odorless,
& EXTREMELY
UNREACTIVE
• “stable elements”
Star Questions
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Most reactive nonmetal?
Flourine
Most reactive metal?
Francium
What is special about He?
Only 2 valence e- in group A8
Describe the Noble Gases?
Stable, unreactive, odorless, colorless