Objectives:
1. Describe the Triangular Trade and how it
affected American Society.
2. Analyze why slavery grows in America.
3. Explain the differences between the
regions of the English Colonies as they
develop.
• Population increase.
– Settlers: 250,000 (1700) to 2,500,000 (1775)
– Slaves: 28,000 to 500,000
• Colonial Economics and the Slave Trade.
The New England Colonies
• As population swells we see a need of more
government.
• Agricultural / Pre-Industrial society.
– Women married early had large families.
– Question: Why? What does it mean to be
puritanical.
• Growth of Towns and Villages.
• Subsistence Farming
Economics in New England
• Commerce
– Waterpower, Lumber, Mills (Grain)
– Cottage industry (The hidden economy of
women.)
– Shipbuilding, Fishing, intra-colonial trade
• Triangular Trade
The Middle Passage
• Shipping Africans to the West Indies.
This plan above of a slave ship developed by Clarkson and his co-workers shocked
the public when it appeared in 1789. It shows how 482 slaves could be packed on
board the Brookes of Liverpool for the 6 to 8 week voyage to the West Indies. The
Brookes actually carried 609 slaves on one voyage.
There is one final poignant link. Under the slave trade system
people suffered to provide luxuries like sugar, chocolate,
coffee and tea for our table at an affordable price. This was
morally wrong but most people were not aware of their
wrongdoing until the abolitionist campaign exposed it for what
it was. Today the people who put those very same items on our
table are suffering because they do not get a fair price for their
produce. Again this is so we can buy these relative luxuries at
an affordable price, again it is morally wrong and again people
are not aware of it. Who today is going to point it out for them,
and how?
Slavery
• Question: What Colony had made slavery
illegal?
• Jamestown and Georgia.
The Southern Economy
• Because of the good soil and long growing
season the South did not develop commerce
or industry. The depended on English
Merchants to manage their trade.
• Cultivated Large Farms – Plantations which
needed a large unskilled labor force.
Tobacco and Rice and The
Tidewater
• The cash crop of Maryland and Virginia was
tobacco. However, overproduction would cause
profits to fall. (Q. What economic law is this?)
So, farmers began the switch to corn and wheat.
• The cash crop of South Carolina and Georgia was
Rice. Rice cultivation is a very labor intensive
and nasty. Imagine working in the rice fields all
day standing in mud up to your knees. (Q. Do you
think that you could get an indentured servant to
do this?)
The Three Kings of the Southern
Economy (1700 – 1860)
Backcountry
• Appalachian Mountain
Foothills
• Small Farms Few Slaves
• Outnumbered Large Plantation
Owners
• Question: What is the basis of
power in the colonies and who
would control the power and
political influence?
Conclusion
• Majority of colonist, even in the South were
not slave holders. However, much of the
economy was either based on slave labor or
indirectly through the slave trade.
• African Slaves brought with them their
languages and cultures. They also brought
with them the knowledge of cultivating
Rice.
Section 2
Government, Religion, and
Culture
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Glorious Revolution
Mercantilism
The Navigation Acts
Differences in Colonial Governments
Voting Rights
America and the Great Awakening in more
than religion.
The Glorious Revolution
• King James forced off the thrown in 1688
and Placed his daughter Mary and her
husband, William of Orange on the thrown.
• Remember what happened to Chucky the
First? The Parliament is getting more
powerful.
• William and Mary sign the English Bill of
Rights.
The English Bill of Rights
Mercantilism
• The English viewed its American Colonies
as an economic recourse.
• The Colonies provided raw materials for
English manufacturers, and a market for
finished products.
• As a nations trade grows, it gold reserve
increase, and the nation becomes more
powerful.
The Navigation Acts
1751 - 1763
• Series of acts (laws)
that directed the flow
of goods between
England and the
Colonies.
• Smuggling
• Only British ships could
transport imported and
exported goods from the
colonies.
• The only people who were
allowed to trade with the
colonies had to be British
citizens.
• Commodities such as sugar,
tobacco, and cotton wool
which were produced in the
colonies could be exported
only to British ports.
Colonial Government
• Government in the colonies varies by the
type of charter for that colony.
• Question: What are the three types of
colonial charters?
– Charter Colonies
– Proprietary Colonies
– Royal Colonies
Colonial Government
• As the colonies grew, so did the colonists
views on government.
• Time and distance from the mother-country
necessitated some form of government to be
in place.
• The Crown also had the responsibility to
enforce its laws on the colonies.
American Colonies
Type
Colony
Government
Charter
Connecticut, Governor and
Rhode Island Legislature Elected
by Colonists
Proprietary Delaware,
Maryland,
Pennsylvania
Royal
GA, MA,
NH, NJ, NY,
NC, SC, VA
Proprietor selected
the governor and
upper house.
Colonists Elected the
Lower House
Directly Ruled by
Britain.
Note
Great Britain had the
right to approve
governor, but
governor could not
veto legislature.
Proprietor free to
rule.
King appointed
Gov. and Upper
House. Colonists
elected the
Lower House.
Get Out The Vote
Get Out The Vote
An American Culture
The Great Awakening
• What are they awaking to?
• A religious movement concentrated in New
England and the Middle Colonies.
• They called for a re-birth, “A return to the
strong faith of earlier days.
• Why would this movement not take hold in
the South?
The Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards
The Family is the
Foundation of
Colonial Society
Men:
Worked the Fields,
Built Houses and
Barns, Represented
Family in Community
Women:
Cooked, Made
Butter and
Cheese, Made
Clothes,
Tended
Livestock, ect.
Boys:
Indentured
Servants or
Apprentices
Young Women:
Maids, Cooks,
Nurses, until
married.
Colonists Valued
Education and children
were usually taught to
read and write at home.
Pennsylvania and
Massachusetts set up public
school systems – by law.
Freedom of the Press
 The Internet of its Time
 English Right of Free
Speech
 Zenger –v- Royal Gov
 Q: What are some
examples of Freedom of the
Press where the majority of
Americans would not agree
with the ideas expressed?
Objectives:
1. Describe the Triangular Trade and how it
affected American Society.
2. Analyze why slavery grows in America.
3. Explain the differences between the
regions of the English Colonies as they
develop.
An American Culture