HORMONES THAT AFFECT BLOOD
SUGAR

The Pancreas contains two
types of cells
 Produces digestive
enzymes
 Produces ______________–
located in structures
called the islets of
Langerhans
Over 2000 islets (each
containing thousands of cells)
are scattered throughout
pancreas
 Islets contain _________ and
______________cells which are
responsible for the production
of insulin and glucagon

Endocrine System Control
Feedback
REGULATION OF BLOOD SUGAR
islets of Langerhans
insulin
beta islet cells
body
cells take
up sugar
from blood
liver stores
glycogen
high
blood sugar level
(90mg/100ml)
low
triggers
hunger
liver
releases
glucose
islets of Langerhans
glucagon alpha islet cells
reduces
appetite
STORING AND RELEASING GLUCOSE!

Insulin released when blood sugar levels ________
 insulin causes cells of muscles, liver, and other
organs to become _________________to glucose.

Liver converts glucose to _____________________________
Insulin causes ____________________in blood
sugar level
 Glucagon causes _________________in blood sugar
level (released when blood sugar levels are _____,
promotes conversion of glycogen to ____________.

GREAT CANADIANS!
Dr. Charles ________
and Dr. Frederick
_____________________
 1923 Nobel Prize for
the discovery of
________________(Best
was excluded!!)
 Did not profit from the
discovery...unheard of
today!

ADRENAL GLANDS

Located above each _______________________
 Inner gland – adrenal _____________________


medulla surrounded by outer casing (adrenal cortex),
regulated by the _____________________________________
 hormones regulate the adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla produces ___________hormones
(produced when cells within adrenal medulla are
stimulated by sympathetic nerves in times of
__________________.
 _____________________________
 _____________________________
FIGHT OR FLIGHT!!
These two hormones initiate fight-or-flight
biological responses
 blood sugar level _______________________
 glycogen converted to _____________________
 ensures greater energy reserve available
 increase _______________and __________________
rates as well as cell metabolism
 blood vessels _____________________= allowing
more oxygen and nutrients to reach tissues
 irises ___________________________

ADRENAL CORTEX
Stimulated by _______________________________
 Produces ___________different types of hormones
 ___________________________



____________________________


one of the most important - ____________________, increases
level of _______________________in blood and helps in
recovery of stress by being converted to _________________
in liver, supplying more ______________________needed for
repair or recovery by cells or participating in protein
synthesis
Salt and water balance – ALDOSTERONE!
____________________________

Small amounts!
LONG TERM STRESS RESPONSE
hypothalamus sends hormone to
___________________lobe of pituitary
 stimulates pituitary to secrete corticotrophin
(adrenocorticotropic hormone; ___________)
 blood carries ACTH to target cells in ___________
 cells of adrenal cortex secrete mineralocorticoids
and glucocorticoids (one of which is ____________)
 these are carried to target cells in _____________
and _______________________
 as cortisol levels rise, hypothalamus and
pituitary production of _______________hormones
______________________
 eventually cortisol levels begin to ____________

SHORT TERM STRESS RESPONSE
regulated by adrenal ________________________
 epinephrine & norepinephrine
 _________________________________is one of most
important mineralocorticoids
 increases ______________________retention
and ____________________reabsorption by
kidneys
