SBI4U
Nov 13,12
 Quiz on Endocrine System
on Tues, Nov 20th,12
 Today’s Class:
a) Regulation of blood glucose
b) Steroid hormones
Regulation of Blood Glucose
Hormones produced by pancreatic
islet cells of Langerhans
 Insulin
- Released from the beta pancreatic cells when blood
sugar levels are high (e.g : after a meal)
- - Converts extra sugar
- or glucose glycogen
 Glucagon
- Released from alpha pancreatic cells
when blood sugar levels are low
(e.g: fasting)
- -Converts glycogen glucose
Diabetes
 Diabetes mellitus (Type 1)
Pancreas is unable to produce insulin
 Inject insulin
 Adult-onset diabetes (Type 2)
Decrease in insulin production/ineffective use of insulin.
Injection not necessary
Controlled with diet, oral drugs, exercise
 Gestational diabetes
Usually temporary, affects 2-4% of pregnancies
High risks of developing full diabetes in baby & mom.
FYI only **
 A1C test result of 7% or less indicates that you are helping
to prevent the long-term complications of diabetes.
Steroids hormones
 Natural : produced by the body
Testosterone, estrogens, progestins.
 Synthetic: mimic the effect of natural hormones.
Anabolic steroids  mimic muscle-building traits of
testosterone.
e.g of synthetic steroid: EPO stimulates RBC production
therefore more O2  more endurance.
 Q1) Glucagon is produced in an organ and effects
target cells that are in another part of the body. The
organ of production and the location of the target cells
are respectively:
a ) adrenal medulla & adrenal cortex
b) Pituitary and adrenal medulla
c) Liver and pancreas
d) Pancreas and liver
e) Hypothalamus & pituitary
Questions- Activity
 Q1) Glucagon is produced in an organ and effects
target cells that are in another part of the body. The
organ of production and the location of the target cells
are respectively:
a ) adrenal medulla & adrenal cortex
b) Pituitary and adrenal medulla
c) Liver and pancreas
d) Pancreas and liver
e) Hypothalamus & pituitary
 Q2) a laboratory mice is accidentally given too much
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insulin and begins convulsing. What could you do to
quickly return the animal to a normal blood sugar?
(a) increase water intake
(b) cool the animal as quickly as possible
(c) provide sugar in a fruit drink
(d) warm the animal as quickly as possible
 Q2) a laboratory mice is accidentally given too much




insulin and begins convulsing. What could you do to
quickly return the animal to a normal blood sugar?
(a) increase water intake
(b) cool the animal as quickly as possible
(c) provide sugar in a fruit drink
(d) warm the animal as quickly as possible
 Q3) Is caffeine considered a synthetic steroid?
 Yes, it mimics the effect of adrenaline causes increase
in heart rate and blood pressure and increased
alertness.
 Q4) Using a flow chart, show a homeostatic
adjustment for a person who has consumed significant
amount of carbohydrates in the past hour.
 Answer:
Carbohydrate intake carbs digested by small intestine
simple sugar absorbed blood sugar increases insulin
produced and released (beta pancreatic cells)Insulin acts
on muscles, adipose tissue( fat) and liver causes a.a levels
to decrease by promoting proteins synthesis and inhibiting
their degradation also causes fatty acids uptake & storage
in adipose tissue and inhibits break down of fats to fatty
acids will also inhibit breakdown of glycogen to glucose
and increase absorption of glucose by liver and storage as
glycogen blood sugar decreases.
 Q4) The North American lifestyle and diet are believed
to be major contributors to type 2 diabetes. Many
companies know that foods can be more palatable to
consumer by adding sugars and fats. Explain how this
practice of adding sugars and fats to food can cause
type 2 diabetes.
 Answer:
Adding sugar causes problems because excess sugar is
converted to fat which usually leads to increased body
mass.Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. A
diet with increased amount of sugar increases the
production of insulin and can contribute to type 2
diabetes .Islet cells will eventually fail due to constant
production of insulin and glucose levels will rise.
Reproductive Hormones
Reproductive Hormones
 They are steroid hormones.
 Produced by gonads (testes, ovaries)
 Androgens, estrogens, & progestins.
Questions-Activity
 Pg.496-501
Female Reproductive Organs
Male Reproductive Organs
 Q2. What are 2 predominant reproductive steroid
hormones in females? and what is the principal
hormone for each of the two predominant
reproductive hormones?
 Estrogen & progestin .
Estrogen Estradiol
Progestin progesterone
 Q3. What are 3 main functions of estradiol?
 1) Maturation of sex organ at puberty and development
of sexual characteristics
 2) body hair growth
 3) development of sex drive
 Q4. What controls FSH & LH release?
 GNRH ( Gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
 Q5. What are the two hormones that are
produced by the ovaries?
 Estrogen & progesterone
 Q6. Draw a feedback loop showing the regulation of
ovarian hormones.
 Q7. Draw a feedback loop for FSH and LH hormones
regulation in sperm production.
 Q8. What is the main function of testes?
 Production of sperm & testosterone
 Q9. Can a woman who has reached
menopause become pregnant
 No, once monopause has been reached naturally
she can no longer become pregnant. Because she is
no longer able to produce eggs however if egg is
transferred from a donor then she can still carry a
child.