CHAPTER 13 – GENETIC
ENGINEERING
TEST REVIEW
What type of organisms have been
produced by selective breeding?
DOGS, CATS, HORSES
Selective breeding produces ____.
DESIRED TRAITS
What type of genetic technology is
most likely to bring together two
recessive alleles for a genetic defect?
INBREEDING
The crossing of buffalo and cattle to
produce beefalo is an example of
______.
HYBRIDIZATION
What is the ultimate source of genetic
variability?
MUTATIONS
Polyploidy instantly results in a new plant
species because it ___.
1. CHANGES A SPECIES’
CHROMOSOME NUMBER
2. PRODUCES A HARDIER
SPECIES.
3. CAUSES MUTATIONS
One function of gel electrophoresis is to
___.
SEPARATE DNA
FRAGMENTS
The process of making changes in the DNA
code of a living organism is called ___
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Knowing the sequence of an organism’s
DNA allows researchers to ____.
STUDY SPECIFIC GENES
What kind of technique do scientists use to
make transgenic organisms?
GENETIC ENGINEERING
What is an advantage of using transgenic
bacteria to produce human proteins?
CAN PRODUCE HUMAN
PROTEINS IN LARGE
AMOUNTS
What has been an advantage of producing
transgenic plants?
INCREASING THE FOOD
SUPPLY
The Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut
cloned a______.
SHEEP
What does Figure 13–1 show?
Figure 13-1
RESTRICTION ENZYME
PRODUCING DNA FRAGMENT
In Figure 13–1, between which
nucleotides is the DNA cut?
Figure 13-1
ADENINE & GUANINE
People have used ______ to
produce many different dog breeds.
SELECTIVE BREEDING
Without selective breeding, dogs
today would probably be _____
similar.
LESS
Hybrids are often _____than either
of their parents.
HARDIER
Animal breeders maintain cat and
dog breeds by the process of
___________.
SELECTIVE BREEDING
A polyploid plant has more than
two copies of each _____.
GENE
To transform a plant, scientists
inject DNA into _____.
CELL
To produce a recombinant plasmid,
the plasmid and the foreign DNA
are cut with ________ restriction
enzyme.
THE SAME
Scientists use ________to
determine which animal cells have
been successfully transformed.
GENETIC MARKERS
Bacterial cells that have been
transformed with a plasmid that carries
a genetic marker for resistance to the
antibiotic tetracycline _______ survive
in a culture treated with tetracycline.
WILL
To produce Dolly, Ian Wilmut removed
the nucleus from a sheep’s _____ cell
and fused it with a cell taken from
another adult.
EGG CELL
Humans use selective breeding to pass
desired ____ on to the next generation
of organisms.
TRAITS
____ is the technique of selective
breeding that has led to deformities in
certain dog breeds.
INBREEDING
To produce a fruit that has some
characteristics of an orange and some
of a grapefruit, you would use the
selective breeding technique of ____.
HYBRIDIZATION
Eliminating an undesirable trait from a
dog breed would probably require the
technique of selective breeding called
___.
HYBRIDIZATION
Scientists use radiation and chemicals
to induce______.
MUTATIONS
The mutations that breeders induce in
organisms are passed on to the
organisms’ ___.
OFFSPRING
A DNA sample will form a single
band on an electrophoresis gel if all
the fragments are the same
_______.
LENGTH
The process of polymerase chain
reaction is similar to the process of
____, which occurs in cells.
MITOSIS
Some plasmids have genetic
markers that make them resistant to
_____.
ANTIBIOTICS
Dolly is not a transgenic animal
because all of her genes are from
the ___ kind of organism.
SAME
In Figure 13–2, what do the bands
shown in B consist of?
Figure 13–2
DNA FRAGMENTS
Which group of bands in Figure
13–2 moved faster?
Figure 13–2
D
What is occurring in A in Figure
13–2?
Figure 13–2
DNA IS BEING PIPETTED
INTO THE GEL BED
In Figure 13–2, why are the bands
in B moving toward the positive
end of the gel?
Figure 13–2
DNA IS NEGATIVELY
CHARGED
In what ways has selective breeding been useful
to humans today and in the past?
BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS
QUESTION.
Explain an advantage and a
disadvantage of inbreeding.
BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS
QUESTION.