The Great War
Prologue:
Brave New World
- Intellectual
o Freud
o Einstein
o Pavlov
o Wireless radio
o Automobile
o Powered flight
Major Cause MANIA
Part One
The Sides Line Up
I.) The Triple Alliance
A.) Germany
B.) Austria-Hungary
C.) Italy? (Italy will drop and join the Allies)
D. Ottoman Empire will join the Central Powers.)
II.) The Triple Entente (The Allies)
A.) France
B.) England
C.) Russia (Russia will drop out and USA will come in)
III.) The Spark and the Fire
A.) Murder of the Austrian Arch-Duke
B.) Series of diplomatic posturing
C.) Ultimatums and threats
D.) Blank Check (Germany gives to Austria)
E.) Mobilization of military forces(Russia)
F.) The Schlieffen Plan
Part Two
The War Begins
“ We will be home before the leaves fall from the trees.”
Kaiser Wilhelm II
I.)
The Schlieffen Plan
A.) Complex German plans to annihilate the West, sue for peace and then
attack the East
1.) For it to be successful each step has to be followed exactly
2.) Crosses through Belgium
3.) Then into France
4.) Finally cutting off Paris
B.) The Guns of August
1.) Germany crosses into Belgium
a) August 4, 1914 Britain declares war on Germany
b.) Belgium fights back throws plan off schedule
2.)
The Battle of the Marne (the first)
a.) The French “Reserves” meet the Germans and stop the advance.
b.) “The little battle of the taxi cabs.”
c.) Trench Warfare
The Art of War

Trench Warfare
1.)
No-man’s land
2.)
Over the top

The automatic weapon

Air power
1.)
Fighter
2.)
Bomber

Biological warfare

Barbed-wire

The Submarine

The Tank
II.)
The Eastern Front
A.)
Russian Government is in chaos - what’s new?
1.)
Not industrialized
2.)
Weak leadership-“Nicky”
3.) Rasputin
B.)
The Russian Army is outdated
1.)
Depended on men not machines
2.)
C.)
Communists come to power
1.)
2.)
III.)
Lenin and the Bolsheviks (Reds) seize governmental power.
Russia sues for peace 1917-1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Western Front
A.)
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
B.)
Trench Warfare
600 miles of trenches across France
War becomes stalemate
Supply lines become important
Machine gun
The Great Epidemic
Major Battles of the Western Front
1.)
The Marne 1st an 2nd
2.)
The Somme (1,000,000 deaths)
3.)
Verdun
C.)
The U.S.A.
1.)
Unrestricted Submarine
2.)
Lusitania sinks
3.)
Zimmerman Letter
2.) England getting ready to surrender-out of money
3.)April 6, 1917 declares war on Germany. “Over There”
D.)
1.)
2.)
IV.)
Officers have little or no respect
a.)
Appointed by royal position
b.)
Many are shot by their own troops
The War at Sea
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare(Unterseeboot)
Great Britain Vs. Germany
The Control over shipping lanes
The Battle of Jutland - English Victory
The War beyond Europe
A.)
The Turks-Ottoman Empire
B.)
Control the Oil supply lines
1.)
Australia-Gallipoli Stops Allies from helping Russia
2.)
England and Arabs-T.E. Lawrence
The Armistice “ On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh
month.” (11:00 AM November 11, 1918 the Germans surrender.)
The Years between the Wars and the
Holocaust
V.)
The Treaty of Versailles
A.) The Big Four
1.
France
2.
Great Britain
3.
Italy
4.
USAa. Self determination
b. 14 Points- League of Nations
B.) Article 231
C.) Article 233
D.) German Military is severely Limited
E.) The November Criminals – Term for Communists and Jews that are
blamed for the German defeat.
The Weimar Republic
A. Hyper inflation
B. Communist Threat
C. Dawes Plan – USA bails out Germany
Russia
A.
B.
C.
Drops out of WWI
Civil War: Whites VS. Reds.
Stalin eliminates opposition-Trotsky
1. Secret Police
2. Purges
a. Political
b. Military
3. Five Year Plans
a. Command economy
b. Agriculture
c. Industry- Manufactured products
The Roaring 20’s
A.
The Lost Generation
a. Picasso – painting
b. Hemmingway – writing
c. Existentialism
d. Flappers
B.
Jazz- Harlem
C.
Sports- Babe Ruth
D.
Locarno Treaty- Protects European borders
E.
Kellogg – Briand Treaty (1925) Makes war an illegal instrument
of diplomacy
The Great Depression
A.) Farm Led and Farm Fed (America)
B.) October 29, ‘29
C.) Overproduction
D.) Banks fail
E.) Roosevelt elected in 1932
1.)
New Deal
a. NRA
b. WPA
Rise of Fascism
A.
B.
C.
Italy- Mussolini
1. 1920
2. Marches on Rome
3. 1938 invades Ethiopia
Spain 1936
1. Franco
2. Aided by Hitler and Mussolini – Air power
Germany 1933-34
A.) Hitler Joins German Workers Party
B.) 1923 The Hall Putch
C.) 1925 Publishes Mien Kampf
1.) Ideas on Racial Purity – Aryans
2.) Lebensraum – living space - Russia
Hitler Comes to Power- Appeasement
1936 Marches into Rhineland
1938 Adds Austria
1938 Hitler takes the Sudetenland
1938 The Munich Conference
1938 Hitler takes Czechoslovakia
1939 Hitler signs the Non-Aggression Pact with Stalin.
Domestic
A.) Appointed to office ‘33
B.) Hindenburg dies Hitler consolidates power
C.) Reichstag Burns ‘34
D.) 1934 Enabling Act
E.) Concentration camps begin – Communists
VI.) Anti-Jewish Laws
A.) Jews cannot teach public school – 1933
B.) The Nuremberg Laws - 1935
1.) For the protection of German blood and honor
2.) Reich Citizenry Law
3.) Among other things – defines who is Jew or a Mischling
C.) 1938 – Kristellnact The Night of the Broken Glass and the end of
innocence.
German Propaganda
A.) Clear, simple, and repetitive – Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein
Furher(J.Goebbles)
B.) Mass rallies
C.) Information was controlled by the state. (Fascism)
D.) The Master Race
E.) Der giftpiltz
VII.) The Concentration Camps and the Final Solution.
A.) “After all, who still talks of the Armenians?”
B.) Populations that were targeted - “Asocial”
1.) Political agitators – Communists
2.) Jews – six million murdered
3.) Gypsies – five hundred thousand murdered
4.) Physical and Mental “defectives.”
C.) Wansee Conference 1-20-42
1.) Accurate accounting of Jewish population
2.) Extermination and processing of the “product.”
3.) Concentration : Slave Labor and Death Camps.
D.) Nuremberg Trials
1.) Many Nazi’s tried as war criminals
2.) All were found guilty most were hanged.
Appeasement
Totalitarianism
Munich Conference
On to War- ETO Allies vs. Axis
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
xi.
xii.
xiii.
xiv.
Non-Aggression Pact
Invasion of Poland 1 September 1945
Lend Lease
Phony War
Maginot
Blitzkrieg
Dunkirk
Occupied France
Battle of Britain
Battle of the Atlantic
Invasion of Russia – Operation Barbarossa
The Big Three
Stalingrad 1943
D-DAY
1. Hoax at Calias
2. Enigma
3. 6 June 1944
4. Battle of Germany
xv. VE day 8 may 1945
The PTO Review
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
1900’s Japan becomes militaristic
a. Attacks on China
b. Attacks on Korea
1930’s Japan invades China
a. Muckden Incident
b. Attack on Shanghai- Aircraft carries
c. 1937 Rape on Nanjing
Japan, Germany and Italy- Tripartite Pact.
a. Allies with Fascists
b. USA threatens embargo
i. Scrap metal
ii. Motor Oil
Japan continues aggression
a. Stimson Declaration-–Open Door Policy over.
b. Japan ignores declaration
c. USA stops trade with Japan
Japan plans to attack Allied holdings in the Pacific
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
a. Pearl Harbor
b. Philippines
c. Singapore- Great Britain
7 December 1941
a. Japan attacks Pearl
i. Devastated USA fleet
ii. No aircraft carriers hit
iii. Germany and Italy declare war against USA
Early Japanese Victories
a. Japan is winning the war
i. Must continue offensive war
ii. “You have awoken a sleeping giant.” Yamamoto
b. Pearl
c. Philippines
d. Guam , wake
e. Singapore
f. Doolittle raid 30 seconds over Tokyo
The Tide Turns
a. Coral Sea
i. Stop the Japanese from taking Australia
ii. Losses are almost equal
b. Midway
i. Most important victory
ii. Saves Hawaii
iii. Japanese on the defensive
Island Hopping and on to Japan
a. Capture Island
b. Take or make airstrip
c. Advance airplanes toward Japan
Some Important Islands in order
a. Guadalcanal
b. Saipan
c. Iwo Jima- can bomb Japan directly
d. Okinawa
i. Considered part of the Japans
ii. Moral defeat for the Japanese
Bombing of Japan
a. Many weeks of fire bombing
b. 85,000 die in Tokyo
c. Japan does not surrender
XII.
Truman decides to drop the bomb
a. Land invasion would cost maybe 1 million lives
b. Let the rest of the world know not to mess with the USA- Soviet
Union
c. Controversy
i. Killing innocent civilians
ii. Precedence for using nuclear weapons
d. Hiroshima- Little Boy… No surrender
e. Nagasaki- Fat Man… Japanese surrender
f. VJ Day 15 August 1945
XIII. Things to Know
a. Operation Overlord – ETO
b. Battle of bulge-ETO
c. EO9066
d. Leyte Gulf
e. Manhattan Project
f. Tuskegee Airmen
g. USA production
h. USA civilian war effort
i. Zoot Suit Riots
 De Colonization
 Israel
 Palestine
The Cold War
1.)
Truman to Eisenhower
A.) The United Nations
B.) USA-Soviet conflicts
1.) Churchill gives “Iron Curtain” speech
4.)
Truman Doctrine: “To make the world safe for democracy.”
‘47
C.)Policy of Containment (stop the spread of communism)
1.)
The Marshall Plan ‘47
a.)
Give Europe money to rebuild their economy.
Offered to Eastern nations, They reject it. (no free
elections)
2.)
The Berlin Airlift ’48
(Soviets insist on a divided Germany)
3.)
B.)
1.)
NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization ‘49
a.)
Defensive organization to pledged alliances if
others are attacked: USA, Canada, and nine
European Western European countries.
b.)
( and a lot of other places too)
c.)
A tool for containing communist
Soviet Reaction
Develop nuclear capability ’49: Arms Race begins
‘52-’55 USA and Soviets have H-Bomb.
2.) The Molotov Plan : Financial aid to communist countries
3.)
The Warsaw Pact ‘55: Defensive organization to stop the spread of
capitalism. Soviet Union, Hungary, East Germany, East Berlin
II.)
After Berlin: The Battle Grounds of the Cold War
A)
B)
Greece & Turkey
Korea - “The Forgotten War” ‘50
1.) North Korea: Commies
C. Hungary- wanted to vote
2.) South Korea: Dictator but, not communist
4.)
North invades South, America steps in
a.)
North winning then starts losing. Chinese comes in
on the side of the North
b.)
MacArthur wants to use Nukes against China.
c.)
Truman fires MacArthur
d.) Cease fire 53’ 38th Parallel (40yrs.)
e. De Stalinization
E.)
Vietnam: North is communist - Ho Chi Minh, South is
Capitalist. French “influence.”
E.) Eisenhower Elected- Conservative
1.)Sputnik
2.) Spy Vs Spy Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
3.) Communist witch-hunt
4.) Joe McCarthy
V.) The Civil Rights Movement
A.) Brown V the Board of Education 1954
1.) Reverses "Separate but equal"
2.) Public supported institutions must have equal access.
B.) Martin Luther King Jr.
1.) Civil disobedience- Ghandi
Freedom Marches
2.) Women Lose Power – 50’S & early 60’s
A.) During WWII women held "male" jobs
B.) After the war, men return and take jobs away.
C) Cult of Domesticity
C.) Media (TV) “clarifies” status roles post war America
1.)
Father knows best
2.)
Donna Reed
1.
GATT
2.
EEC
3.
EURO
VII.) Kennedy to Nixon
A.)
B.)
C.)
The Cuban Missile Crisis
1.)
Kennedy 44
2.)
Eisenhower – “Beware the military industrial complex.”
3.)
Castro
4.)
Bay of Pigs – CIA
5.)
Russia supplies nukes
6.)
Blockade
7.)
Khrushchev blinks- “
8.)
Advisors to Vietnam- French Leave
The Space Race “ The New Frontier”
1.)
Soviets ’61
2.)
USA Shepard ’61
3.)
Glenn ’62
4.)
Apollo 11- ’69 Armstrong
Kennedy assassinated
1.)
Dallas
2.)
Oswald
3.)
Ruby
D.) Johnson
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
Gulf of Tonkin ‘64
Escalates the war.
Attrition
Johnson refuses to run
Passes Civil Rights Act )
E.) Civil Rights
1.)
King
2.)
Parks
3.)
Little Rock AK
4.)
Malcom X
5.) College protests
F.) Nixon defeats Humphrey
(Bobby shot, King shot)
68 Mexico Olympics
1.)
Bombing Cambodia
2.)
Agent orange
3.)
Kent State
4.)
Berkeley
5.)
Nixon Visits China and Russia
a.)Détente
b.)SALT
6.)
Withdraws from Vietnam
“Withdraw with honor”
7.)
Watergate
1.)
Break in Democratic Headquarters
a.)
Nixon covers it up
b.)
Taped conversations in Oval Office.
c.)
Nixon resigns
IX.) China
A.)
B.)
C.)
China
1950’s Collectivization
1957 One Hundred flower campaign
1958 Great Leap Forward
1966 Cultural Revolution
1970’s Deng’s Reform
1989
Tiananmen Square
Collapse of the Soviet Union
 Space race Arms race
 Gorbachev – Reagan
 Poland
 Czechs, Hungarians
 1989 Berlin Wall
Mao-Communists
Chaing – Nationalists
Communists win
1.)
The Little Red Book