Must Do
Determine which
of the body plane
diagrams show:
1. Sagittal
2. Coronal
3. Transverse
Body Planes
A
B
C
Must Do
Compare and Contrast
Ventilation and Respiration
Respiration and Ventilation
Breathing air is tough
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Respiration and Ventilation
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The Respiratory System
• Primary Function: obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide
• Other functions: Filter air, produce sounds, sense of smell, regulation
of blood pH
• Respiration: the process of gas exchange between the atmosphere
and body cells
• Movement of air into the lungs – Ventilation
• Gas exchange between blood and air (external respiration)
• Gas transport in blood (hemoglobin)
• Gas exchange between the blood and body cells (internal respiration)
**Cellular Respiration – the process of oxygen use and CO2 production
at the cellular level
Control of Breathing
• Breathing is an involuntary act, the muscles are under voluntary
control (we can choose to hold our breath)
• Respiratory Center – groups of neurons in the brain that control
inspiration and expiration
Factors Affecting Breathing
1. Rise in CO2
2. Low blood oxygen (chemical receptors sense changes)
3. Inflation reflex – regulates the depth of breathing, prevents over
inflation of the lungs
4. Emotional upset, fear and pain
*hyperventilation – increase breathing for a short time lowers the
blood CO2 concentration and will allow you to hold your breath for a
longer period
Blood Oxygen Levels
Homeostasis – oxygen, carbon dioxide and blood pH
Inert gas asphyxiation
In a notable accident in 1981, shortly before the launch of the first
Space Shuttle mission, two technicians lost consciousness and one of
them died after they entered the Orbiter aft compartment which was
pressurized with pure nitrogen as a precaution against fire.
Gas Exchange and Transport
Gas Exchange
• Alveoli – clusters or air sacs at the end of the bronchioles
• Respiratory Membrane – layers of simple squamous cells and
capillaries
• Oxygen and CO2 exchange occurs by diffusion
Gas Transport
• Oxygen combines with hemoglobin in the blood
• Hypoxia – oxygen deficiency. Caused by inadequate blood flow,
poisons (cyanide and carbon monoxide)
• Asphyxia – excess CO2 in the blood, lack of oxygen
ILLNESSES RELATED TO THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
1. Cystic Fibrosis (genetic)
2. Asthma
3. Bronchitis
4. Apnea
5. Emphysema
6. Lung Cancer
7. Altitude Sickness
8. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
9. Sinusitis
10. Bacterial or Viral Infections (cold, flu, pneumonia)
Lab
What is the Effect of Exercise on Ventillation Rate?
Objectives:
Students will design a lab to investigate the topic above
Students will collect data
Students will analyze data
Students will evaluate data and draw conclusions
Hypothesis: If _(I change this)_then_(this will happen)_because______