Unit 1 Revision
Topic 1: Restless Earth
What are the main things I need to
know?
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How and why tectonic plates are moving
Why earthquakes and volcanoes occur
2 examples of earthquakes
2 examples of volcanoes
How people can respond to earthquakes
and volcanoes
Starter: Study this diagram for 30
seconds…
Now draw your own version in 1
minute
Remember to add these labels…
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Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Check your diagram and give
yourself a mark out of 5
Why are the plates moving?
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/un
derstanding-earthquakes-and-platetectonics/5724.html
• As you watch the clip, write down key
words
Plate movement
Spend 1 minute sketch to show the following
plate boundaries:
• Convergent (destructive)
• Divergent (constructive)
• Transform (conservative)
• Which type of plate boundary is the midAtlantic ridge? Lies under Kobe, Japan?
Is the San Andreas fault?
Why do earthquakes occur?
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/ageological-explanation-ofearthquakes/6736.html
• As you watch the clip, write down key
words that you hear/read
Earthquake key words
Crust
focus
energy
Mantle
pressure
released
Plates
heat
Epicentre
friction
plate boundary
Practice question:
• Explain why earthquakes occur (you can
draw a diagram if you wish).
(4 marks)
(4 minutes)
SELF ASSESSMENT:
Explain why earthquake occur
• For 4 marks need 4 points (or 2 points each
explained)
Eg Convection currents in the mantle cause the
plates to move and collide. Pressure can build
up at the plate boundaries where plates are
colliding because plates do not move easily past
one another. When the rocks can no longer take
the pressure, they crack, releasing shockwaves
(the earthquake).
Earthquake example: Kobe, Japan
(MEDC)
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/th
e-kobe-earthquake/3070.html
• As you watch the clip, write down 3-5 facts
about the Kobe earthquake
Earthquake example: Port-AuPrince, Haiti
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/th
e-impact-of-the-haitiearthquake/11522.html
• Watching the clip, write 5 facts
Comparing Kobe and Haiti
Kobe, Japan
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Jan 1995
6.9 on richter scale
Over 6,000 dead,
300,00 homeless
Jan 2010
7 on richter scale
220,00 dead
1.5 mill homeless
180,000 buildings
damaged
US$11.5 bill damage
100,000 buildings
damaged
US$132 bill damage
Practice question:
• Using examples, explain how people can
respond to earthquakes. (4 marks)
SELF ASSESSMENT:
Using examples, explain how people can
respond to earthquakes. (4 marks)
• For 4 marks need 4 points (or 2 points each
explained)
• In Japan, buildings are made to withstand
earthquakes such as being built with
shockabsorbers in their foundations. Also,
people are taught what to do if an earthquake
strikes such as taking cover under a table or
standing in a doorway. In Haiti lots of charities
like the Red Cross helped out by providing tents
for people to live in and medical help for people
who were hurt.
Volcanoes
Montserrat – LEDC example
• 25th June 1997
• On the boundary between the Caribbean and
Atlantic plates (destructive plate margin)
Montserrat Impacts – Which are
primary and which are secondary?
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2/3 island covered in ash
Airport has remained closed
23 people killed
Over half the population left the island and have
not returned
• Farmland destroyed by ash
How else could you categorise these impacts?
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Icelandic Eruption – MEDC example –
STUDY THIS INFORMATION FOR 30
SECONDS
April 2010
Constructive plate boundary where
Eurasian and North American plates move
apart
No deaths
Ash affected farmland locally, flights in
Europe, contaminated water sources.
Increase in tourism locally
Iceland volcano –what can you
remember?
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When?
What happened?
How did it affect people?
How did it affect the environment?
Any good impacts?
Monitoring Volcanoes
• We CAN predict and prepare for volcanic
eruptions…