9-weeks Test Thursday 3/12/09
Plate tectonics
Volcanoes and earthquakes occur the most at plate boundaries
Plate boundary movement and what they cause:
Divergent – moving away; sea-floor spreading, mid-ocean ridges
Convergent – moving toward each other; subduction, volcanoes
Transform – slide past each other; earthquakes
Volcanoes & Earthquakes
Hot Spot – Large rising body of magma that can force its way through Earth’s crust anywhere
Viscosity of lava gives volcanoes their shape
Epicenter – Point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus
Focus – Point deep inside Earth where energy is released causing an earthquake
Earthquakes are caused by slippage of fault lines; shows potential to kinetic energy
Tsunami – powerful seismic sea wave that begins over an ocean-floor earthquake
Volcano names and composition:
Cinder – steep; made of ash
Composite – made of layers of cooled lava and ash
Shield – flat; made of cooled lava
Atmosphere
Water vapor and carbon dioxide (CO2) make up greenhouse gasses
Order of the layers of the atmosphere
Exosphere
Thermosphere (with Ionosphere)
Mesosphere
Stratosphere (with Ozone Layer)
Troposphere
Heat Transfer
bodies of water changes temperature slower than land
Heat transfers from warm to cool only
Convection – transfer of heat by the circular flow of gasses or liquids
Cool air is dense & sinks; warm air is less dense & rises
Rock Cycle
Metamorphic created by heat and pressure
Igneous created from cooled magma or lava
Sedimentary created by weathering, deposition and cementation
Water Cycle
Moist air comes from sea breezes; dry air from land breezes
Body Systems
Equilibrium in the body - condition of a system in which components are balanced
Circulatory system: moves blood, creates red blood cells, disposes of waste in blood
Homeostasis – process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment
Muscular System helps digestive system by: chewing, swallowing, churning stomach
Tissue – group of similar cells that work together to do a job
Chemical reactions in the body are regulated by endocrine and digestive systems
Review:
Inertia is directly related to the mass of an object
Apparent Magnitude – the amount of light from a star as seen on Earth
Amplitude – The distance from the middle of a wave to the trough OR the crest
Know how to read a topographic map