The Mongols in
China
Objective
O Mongols, Genghis Khan and his sons, built
an empire that stretched from the Pacific
Ocean to Eastern Europe.
Essential Understanding
O For thousands of years, the horse was the most
important form of Transportation in the world. How
did the use their skills of horseback riding to build
such a vast empire.
Mongols lived north of China
They were made up of Tribes .
O Groups of related families, loosely joined
together.
Mongols were Herders
O Raised cattle, sheep, goats, and horses
The animals grazed in the
STEPPES
O Wide, rolling, grassy plains from the Black sea to
Northern China
Nomads – People who have no
permanent home
O Mongols followed their herds and lived where they
grazed.
O These felt TENTS is what they will live in.
Horseback riding was a way of
life for Mongolians
O They learn to ride by the age of 4 and they
practically live on the back of a horse.
Another Mongol skill was the
ability to wage war
O While on horseback they could fire arrows,
throw spears, and wield swords.
They were ruthless warriors
Q&A
O 1. What were the 2 things Mongolians were known
for?
O Horseback Riding
O Waging war
O 2. Where did the Mongolians have their herds of
animals graze?
O In the STEPPES or grassy plains of Mongolia and
northern China.
North China and _______
South of Russia.
O 3.Mongolia is _______
Objective
O Mongols, Genghis Khan and his sons, built
an empire that stretched from the Pacific
Ocean to Eastern Europe.
Essential Understanding
O For thousands of years, the horse was the most
important form of Transportation in the world. How
did the use their skills of horseback riding to build
such a vast empire.
Who was Genghis Khan?
O The Man who will Unite the Mongols
His name was Temujin
O Which meant “Blacksmith”
O As a young man he began uniting the
Mongol Tribes
1206 meeting of Mongol
leaders in the Gobi desert
O At the meeting Temujin was elected
“Genghis Khan” means “Strong Ruler”
Genghis Brought new laws
Group of tribal chiefs to help
him plan military campaigns
O From the time he was elected to his death he fought to
spread the empire beyond the borders of Mongolia
Genghis Khan’s Army
O More than 100,000 men – warriors in well
trained and loyal groups of men
Officers commanded the
groups with in the Army
O They were chosen by ability not by who their
families were.
Mongols were the most skilled
fight force in the world
Genghis 1st conquered the
people of the Steppes
O These Victories brought wealth and new
soldiers for the Army
Mongols became powerful
O 1211 they invade China & in 3 years the
control northern China
Attacked the cities along the
Silk Road
O Now he controls the silk Road
Genghis Khan and his warriors
were known for their use of ???
O Terror – the use of violent actions to scare
people into surrendering.
O Warriors attacked, robbed, & burned cities
Reputation will precede them
O Mongols became known for their fierce ways
O People would surrendered without fighting
Q&A
O 4. What was Genghis Khan birth name? and what
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does it mean?
Temujin – means “Blacksmith”
5. What does Genghis Khan mean?
Strong Ruler
6. Why did he use terror to scare people into
surrendering?
Sometimes they would not even fight because of his
reputation
7. What were his warriors like?
They were well trained and very loyal to Genghis Khan
Objective
O Mongols, Genghis Khan and his sons, built
an empire that stretched from the Pacific
Ocean to Eastern Europe.
Essential Understanding
O For thousands of years, the horse was the most
important form of Transportation in the world. How
did the use their skills of horseback riding to build
such a vast empire.
The Mongol Empire
O Genghis Khan died in 1227
O Empire was divided among his 4 sons
The Mongol Empire
O Continued to expand into eastern & Central
Europe and southwest Asia.
The Mongol Empire
O 1258 Baghdad falls to Mongol rule
O Pushed into Syria Palestine then into Egypt.
The Mongol Empire
O 1260 They were finally stopped by the
Muslim rulers of Egypt.
The Mongol Empire
O Unified land from the Pacific to eastern Europe
O Largest land empire the world has ever known
The Mongol Empire
O Despite War and destruction the Mongols
brought peace and encourage trade.
O They taxed those who traded a grew wealthy
The Mongol Empire
O Mongols respected those who they conquered,
especially the advanced societies.
O Adopted customs and beliefs, religions, for example
Islam and Turkish, Arab,& Persian Ways.
The Mongols Empire
O The Chinese introduced the Mongols to GUNPOWDER
O And Fire Lances
Objective
O Mongols, Genghis Khan and his sons, built
an empire that stretched from the Pacific
Ocean to Eastern Europe.
Q&A
O 8. What happened in 1227 and why was the Empire divided
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into 4 sections?
Genghis Khan Dies in 1227 and the Empire was divided
among his 4 sons
9. What city fell to Mongol rule in 1258?
Baghdad
10. What was unique about the Mongol Empire?
It was the largest land empire the world has seen
Even though they were quite destructive they brought
peace, trade, and wealth to the Empire.
They were are also respectful of the advanced societies the
conquered and borrowed many useful
11. What Chinese invention aided the Mongol wars of
conquest efforts?
Gunpowder and the Fire Lance.
Objective
O The Mongols conquered China and created
a new Dynasty that tried to conquer Japan
and began trading with the rest of Asia.
Essential Understanding
O What does it mean to be Tolerant? How did
the Mongols use tolerance to rule China?
Mongol Rule in China
O 1260 the Mongols name Genghis’s Grandson,
Kublai, the new KHAN.
Mongol Rule in China
O Kublai continued the Mongol conquest of China
O Moved the capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to
Khanbaliq in northern China
O Today Khanbaliq is Beijing
Mongol Rule in China
O 1271 Kublai Khan becomes China’s next emperor
O Within 10 years they conquer southern China
Mongol Rule in China
O Kublai Khan starts the Yuan Dynasty would last
100 years – 30 of those years are ruled by Kublai
O Yuan means Beginning
Mongol Rule in China
O Kublai gives Mongol leaders top jobs in the
Chinese government .
O But he knew he needed to let many of the top
Chinese Scholars/leaders keep their jobs to allow
the Chinese government to run.
Mongol Rule in China
O How were the Mongols different from the Chinese?
O Mongols had their own Language, Laws, & customs.
Mongol Rule in China
O This kept them separate from Chinese society,
Mongol Leaders were at the top of Chinese Society.
O They did not mix with the Chinese People.
Q&A
O 12. Who was Genghis Khan’s grandson? What country did
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he focus his conquest on?
Kublai Khan & he conquered the rest of China
13. What modern day city is located where Khanbaliq was
located?
Beijing the modern day capital of China
14. Kublai started what Dynasty? How long did it last?
Kublai Khan started the Yuan Dynasty and it lasted 100
years
15. Who was given jobs in the Chinese government?
Mongol leaders were given top jobs and many Chinese
scholars/leaders were allowed to keep their positions in
order to allow the government to run.
Essential Understanding
O What does it mean to be Tolerant? How did
the Mongols use tolerance to rule China?
Mongols Rule in China
O Mongols were Buddhist and practiced religious
tolerance and allowed other religions to practice in
their empire. Christians, Muslims, & Hindus.
Mongol Rule in China
O They brought wealth and power more than any
other dynasty. Khanbaliq was known for Its…
O Wide Streets, Beautiful Palaces, and Fine Homes.
Mongol Rule in China
O Marco Polo – MARCO! – POLO! Travels to China .
Kublai is fascinated by his stories and for 16 years
Kublai sent Polo on Fact finding trips
O On his return to Europe he wrote a book on the
wonders of China & it amazed Europeans.
Mongols Rule in China
O Mongol Empire stretched from China to Europe.
Increased trade with goods like silver, spices, carpets,
cotton came from Europe
O China shipped out tea, silk, and porcelain and other
Chinese discoveries like steel, gunpowder, & the
compass.
Mongol Rule in China
O They Looked to expand their empire conquering Korea, the
Koryo remained in power but accepted Mongol Control.
O Conquered Vietnam to the South
Mongol Rule in China
O They forced the Koreans to build warships that they
would use on their Conquest of Japan.
O We will continue this conversation when we study Japan
Objective
O The Mongols conquered China and created
a new Dynasty that tried to conquer Japan
and began trading with the rest of Asia.
Q&A
O 16. What religion do most Mongols practice and how did
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this effect their opinion of other religions?
The Mongols were Buddhist and they allowed for religious
tolerance of all religions with in the Empire.
17. What European explorer did Kublai Khan befriend?
Marco Polo
18. Name some of the items traded on the silk road.
Silver, spices, carpets, cotton, tea, silk, & porcelain
19. What country did the Mongols take control of and what
country did they focus their next and last attack on?
The Mongols took control of Korea and made them build
warships for their next and final conquest JAPAN.
Lesson connection
O 20.The Mongols had the largest land empire
in the history of the world. Isn’t ironic that
their conquest of Japan would cripple the
empire.
O What does it mean to be Ironic? And why
was this ironic?
O Write a short response to this question.