Questions with answers labeled I, II, and so on, must have X/X answers correctly selected to receive credit.
1.
Immunology Period 2 Assessment
Select the mechanism(s) or structure(s) that contribute to immune response by playing a role that focuses solely on the destruction of pathogens
themselves
i. Interferons
ii. Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
iii. Plasma Cells
iv. Dendritic Cells
v. MHC
2. Individual X is suffering from extremely low blood flow and a high fever. Are most likely direct results of
a. X’s passive immune response
b. Dysfunction of X’s MHC
c. Immunodeficiency syndrome (not necessarily as a result of HIV)
d. X’s innate immune response
e. Lupus
3. Lymphocyte (and their receptors’) diversity in the immune system is primarily a result of...
a. Alternative protein folding
b. Mutagenic activity
c. Alternative differentiation mechanisms available due to the vast amounts of information contained in DNA that is unused by certain B cells and
used by other B cells
d. Manipulation of antigen/genetic material obtained from neutralized pathogens
e. Alternative ribonucleic acid splicing
4. Which of the following characteristics is/are exclusive to vertebrate immunity?
i. Inflammatory response
ii. Phagocytosizing cells in body fluids
iii. Production of destructive enzymes
iv. Highly specific receptors and antimicrobial peptides
v. Natural killer cells
5. Apoptosis plays a key role in the regulation of...
i. Rates of cellular growth
ii. The monoclonal nature of antibody tools
iii. Clonal selection
iv. Pathogen recognition
v. Lymphocyte production
6. Immunoglobulin E is most closely associated with...
a. Histamine
b. Cytokines
c. Phagocytosizing cells
d. Dendritic cells
e. Mucous membranes
7. Which of the following best describes how HIV interacts with the immune system?
a. HIV attaches to the CD8 protein on a cytotoxic T cell, inducing the target cell’s lysis, hindering the immune system’s ability to neutralize live
pathogens
b. HIV indiscriminately attacks leukocytes, using various proteins including CD4 and/or CD8 as points of attachment
c. HIV attaches to the CD4 protein on a cytotoxic T cell, inducing the target cell’s lysis, hindering the immune system’s ability to neutralize live
pathogens
d. HIV induces the lysis of helper T cells, preventing the stimulation of B and cytotoxic T cells
e. HIV attacks antigen presenting cells, preventing the stimulation of immune response
8. Which of the following is not a part of (or does not a play a significant role in) acquired humoral immunity?
a. Antimicrobial peptides that mark a bacterium for phagocytosis
b. Antimicrobial peptides that promote the breakdown of viral capsules
c. Antimicrobial peptides that stimulate the formation of pores in the cell membranes of live pathogens
d. Plasma cells
e. Interference with pathogen activity through the binding of various molecules with epitopes of microbial antigens
9. If a person contracts and survives an infectious disease such as measles, they tend to not get the disease again later in life. What cells are involved in this
protective process?
a. Platelets
b. Neurons
c. Hemocytes
d. Lymphocytes
e. Erythrocytes
10. What mechanism is the cause of an allergic reaction?
a. When an allergen binds to specific receptors on a mast cell, it induces cellular degranulation and the release of inflammatory hormones into
tissue.
b. Seasonal allergens irritate nasal mucosa and cause cellular infiltration by mast cells.
c. Mast cells phagocytose allergens that induce cellular proliferation.
d. Mast cells rove through tissues removing particles and hormones that may cause allergies.
e. Antibodies bind to hormones that produce a complex, which may be removed from tissue by mast cells to prevent allergic reactions.
11. Erythroblastosis fetalis is a condition that affects the fetus in utero caused by Rh incompatibility with the mother. What mechanism produces this
condition?
Questions with answers labeled I, II, and so on, must have X/X answers correctly selected to receive credit.
Immunology Period 2 Assessment
a. Antibodies from the fetus attack antibodies from the mother found in fetal circulation.
b. Antibodies from the fetus attach to red blood cells within maternal circulation.
c. Lymphocytes from the mother cross the placenta and attack red blood cells of the fetus.
d. Lymphocytes from the fetus cross the placenta and attack red blood cells in the mother.
e. Antibodies from the mother cross the placenta and attack red blood cells of the fetus.
12. Antigen-presenting cells communicate with effector cells of the immune system. Which of the following mechanisms accounts for this?
a. Direct cell membrane-to-membrane contact
b. Quorum sensing
c. Release of highly specific steroidal hormones
d. Release of neurotransmitter-like substances
e. Induction of rapid ion flow through the membrane
The following question refers to the graph:
13. Based on this monitoring of an individual infected with HIV at six months, who was untreated
during the time period, how would you identify what the three curves signify?
a. I = viral antigen in blood; II = anti-HIV antibodies in blood; III = CD4 cells in blood
b. I = viral antigen in blood; II = CD4 cells in blood; III = anti-HIV antibodies in blood
c. I = CD4 cells in blood; II = anti-HIV antibodies in blood; III = viral antigen in blood
d. I = anti-HIV antibodies in blood; II = viral antigen in blood; III = CD4 cells in blood
e. I = CD4 cells in blood; II = viral antigen in blood; III = anti-HIV antibodies in blood
14. Which of the following would most likely cause a failure to create immunological memory?
a. Immunodeficiency involving lack of cytotoxic T cells
b. Lysis of the pathogenic cell within an antigen presenting cell
c. Destruction of a lymph node
d. Misfolding of complement system proteins
e. B cell response without cytokines or helper T cells
15. Which of the following statements are true? (“Same type” refers to the idea that the antibodies or B cells may be chemically, genetically, or functionally
identical, though they are still not the same entity)
i. A single pathogen may stimulate the proliferation of many types of B cells
ii. Each epitope can only result in the proliferation of one type of B cell
iii. A single antigen only activates a single B cell
iv. A single type of antibody produced by a single type of B cell may recognize or bind to multiple pathogens
16. Enzyme X is secreted in the body fluid of a vertebrate and inhibits the growth of a pathogen. X would most likely be secreted by a/an
a. Complement system
b. Lymph node
c. Hemocyte
d. Dendritic cell
e. Eosinophil
17. Secondary immune response is characterized by its
a. Increase in body temperature
b. Relatively high speed
c. Lack of memory cell use
d. Heavy use of cytotoxic T cells, as opposed to secretion of antibodies
e. Mass production of new lymphocytes from stem cells in bone marrow
18. AZT suppresses HIV by
a. Tagging infected cells for destruction by the body’s phagocytosizing cells (opsonization)
b. Binding to HIV and marking it for phagocytosis/lysis
c. Inhibiting protease, an enzyme involved in viral protein manipulation
d. Inhibition of physical transfer (as opposed to chemical transfer in answer E) of genetic material
e. Inhibition of transcription of viral RNA into DNA
19. Bone marrow recipients may suffer from, as a result of the transplant process,
i. Severe autoimmunity
ii. Rejection of the recipient’s marrow
iii. Rejection of transplanted marrow
iv. Temporarily, though severely, inhibited immune responsiveness
v. Erythrocyte dysfunction, due to deformation erythrocyte nuclei
20. The success of vaccination depends upon the
a. Permanent presentation of pathogenic antigens
b. Presence of antibodies in blood for future use against the pathogen
c. Resulting mutagenic activity, allowing for recognition of antigens
d. Creation or absorption of genetic material allowing for faster response to antigens
e. Creation of reservoir of memory B and T cells
Questions with answers labeled I, II, and so on, must have X/X answers correctly selected to receive credit.
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ii, iii
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I, iv, v
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I, ii iv
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I, ii, iii, iv
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Immunology Period 2 Assessment