Chapter 1A
Deviance and Social
Change
HSB4U
Ms. Gluskin
You are deviant. You are a(n):
a) Criminal
b) Person who is eccentric, odd
c) Person who is different
d) Person who offends others
e) Other
f) All of a,b,c,d
Deviance: Place the behaviour on the
spectrum below
• 1: different
•
• 3: eccentric
•
• 5: offensive
•
•
•
•
• 10: illegal
Deviance Over Time and Place
• Name 3 behaviours that used to be considered
deviant in Canadian society but now are not.
• Name 3 deviant behaviours that didn’t even exist
20 years ago.
• Name 2 behaviours that have different rankings
of deviance in different cultures.
Therefore, norms…
• change over time.
• vary from culture to culture, society to society.
Social Change*
• Change in:
• Organization of society (e.g., social
institutions)
• Beliefs
• Practices (activities and behaviours of
people in groups)
* MOST IMPORTANT DEFINITION IN THE
COURSE
Social Control
Report on Social Control At YM
• Amongst students, how do you impose social control on each
other in the following locations at school?
•
•
•
•
•
Halls/lockers/bathrooms
Caf/gym/library
Classes
Online
Outside the school: bus stop, sidewalk
Typology of Deviance
Typology = a system of classification designed for the
understanding of types (categories)
Type
Conformists
Ritualists
Innovators
Retreatists
Rebels
Goals
Means
Deviance and Social Change
Positive social change
Negative social change
Theories of Deviance
Theory
Also known as
Theorist
Strain
Control
Differential
Association
Typology
Social bond
Skippers
with
skippers
Social
reaction
NeoMarxist
Merton
Hirschi
Sutherland
Labelling
Conflict
Becker and
Lemert
Marx
Real Life Example
The Ideal Society?
Neo-Marxist?
•
•
•
•
INSTABILITY
CHAOS
DISORDER
UNPREDICTABILITY
• Need some of this in
order to achieve equality
• The SYSTEM is
corrupt/biased/flawed/
deviant
Functionalist?
•
•
•
•
STABILITY
ORDER
PREDICTABILITY
(SOCIAL ) CONTROL
Anomie
• May occur during a time of great social change:
• Progress?
• Chaos? (conflict or absent norms)
• Instability?
West Africa in the grip of an ebola crisis?
Real Life Examples of Theories
Match the example with the theory:
Example
Slackers hangout with each
other
Theory
A Strain
Crack addicts
Released prisoners can’t get
jobs
Clubs in school
B Control
C Differential
Association
D Labelling
Crack and cocaine
punishments differ in US
justice system
E Conflict (NeoMarxist)
Crime
• How old were you when you first started
walking to school on your own?
Hate Crime
Out-groups = “any groups that are seen either as a
direct threat or as being in direct contrast to the
reference groups with which people have
identified (Bain et al., 2002, p. 300).”
Reference groups are those groups with whom
people have close personal connections, usually
family and friends, and they tend to share
attitudes, beliefs and behaviours.
Scapegoat
Silver Bear Café. (n.d.) The price of silver is rising… Retrieved from
http://www.silverbearcafe.com/private/04.11/scapegoat.html
Characteristics of Hate Crimes
Match the example with the correct characteristic of
hate crimes.
Characteristic
Example
A Impersonal
Mark Lepine (Montreal massacre) killed
women engineers whom he blamed for
his own inability to move forward in
the world.
B Power-based
The Nazis blamed Jews for Germany’s
decline
C Scapegoatdirected
D Genocide
Nazi Germany, Armenia, Rwanda,
former Yugoslavia
Perpetrators may have large numbers,
weapons, the element of surprise
UDHR
Human rights =
rights that every
person has and
that cannot be
taken away
Amnesty International Australia. (n.d.). UDHR poster. Retrieved
from http://shop.amnesty.org.au/products/udhr-poster
ICC
• http://www.icccpi.int/en_menus/icc/Pages/default.aspx
• Click to see situations under
investigation and preliminary
examinations
Reporting of Crime
• Are all crimes reported?
• What are some reasons that a victim might not
report a crime?
• Why in particular would hate crimes be underreported?
• Let’s tie this into some more general
information about crime: please identify the
four factors sociologists identify when
interpreting crime statistics.
Crime and Correlating Factors
• Age
• How does age correlate with crime?
• Gender
• Females correlate more highly with ________ crime
• Social class
• This is controversial because…
• What is white-collar (vs. blue-collar) crime?
• Race/ethnicity
• Over representation of ________________ in
___________________is a huge concern because…
Deterrence
• What are common ways in which a society tries
to deter (prevent) crime from occurring?
• How does this relate to social control?
Correctional System
“CSC’s [Correctional Service of Canada] goal is to assist inmates to
become law-abiding citizens. The correctional process begins at
sentencing. From the time an offender is initially assessed, through
case management and to supervision in the community, there is a
team of dedicated professionals working closely with the offender.
Correctional programs are offered to help offenders take responsibility
for their actions. They are encouraged to learn the skills necessary to
help them return safely to the community. A range of motivational
strategies are used to help offenders see the value of participating in
these programs. The correctional process does not end with the
offender’s release – it continues in the community. Similar to the
dedicated team within the institution, offenders work with a Case
Management Team that may include a Parole Officer, health care
professionals, volunteers and an entire network of support.”
Correctional Service Canada. (2014). Correctional process. Retrieved
from http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/correctional-process/index-