Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment:
Capacity Building for Urban Air Quality Management
Mushtaq Ahmed Memon and Hidefumi IMURA
3rd Thematic Seminar
Urban Air Quality Management
UNCC, Bangkok – 20-21 February 2003
Capacity Building for
Urban Environmental Management
Instruments, items, policy
intervention avenues
Geographical
coverage
Means
Issues
Institutions
Regulations
Public
Participation
Finance
Water &
Wastewater
Solid Waste
Management
Industrial
Pollution
Control
Air Pollution
Management
Slums and
Land use
Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) System
Issues coverage
Technology
Capacity for Urban Air Quality Management
1. Assessment of the problem (current or future)
Pollution levels, sources, and the impact
(Monitoring
cause and effect analysis)
2. Planning and implementation of the response
Identification of the responses (options)
Prioritization of the options (short-term & long-term)
Implementation of the options
The UK National Air Quality Strategy
Three-stage Review and Assessment
(Current and likely air quality)
Objectives
not exceeded
Objectives
exceeded
Designate Air Quality
Management Area
Designate Air Quality
Management Area
Public Information
and health advice
Air Quality
Action Plan
Revise
Implement
Evaluate and
Review
Objectives
attained
Source: Elsom, D.M. (1999), Development and Implementation of Strategic
Frameworks for Air Quality Management in the UK and the European Community,
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 42(1): 103-121
Local Capacity for Problem Assessment
1. Monitoring and prediction of of pollution/ambient
levels (current or future)
In-house capacity
Linkages with private sector (Industries, Energy
Companies) and civil society (NGOs, Academia)
2. Cause and effect analysis
Pollution sources (Energy, Technology, Infrastructure)
Health & productivity impact (morbidity and
mortality)
Socioeconomic impact (land values, visibility, buildings
& automobiles maintenance, leisure, and so on)
Local Capacity for the Response
1. Institutions (formal and informal)
2. Regulatory standards and jurisdiction
3. Public Participation (policy making &
implementation)
4. Financial mechanism (decentralization,
municipal bonds, revolving funds, publicprivate partnerships)
5. Appropriate technology
Local Capacity Building Process
Government
Urban
Environmental
Management
Private Sector
Civil Society
International Cooperation
Kitakyushu Initiative
Support Local Initiatives for Tangible Outputs
“Scan Globally and Reinvent Locally”
•
Networking
•
Collection and analysis of successful practices
•
Pilot activities
The Expected Outcomes of this Seminar
1. Identification of critical issues and indicators for
the capacity building for air quality management
2. Identification of common and diverse issues and
indicators across the cities or regions
3. Chalk out the strategy to address these common
and diverse issues through networking activities,
successful practices, and pilot activities
4. Beyond Bangkok!
To achieve tangible outputs in a specified
timeframe (activities and role of the stakeholders,
e.g. local and national governments, private
sector, civil society, and international agencies)
Challenges
1.
2.
Pollution
levels
(SOx,
NOx,
CO2)
Sources
(Vehicles,
Industry,
energy)
Essential
condition(s)
Necessary
condition(s)
Regulations &
Institutions
1.
2.
3.
Logical and suitable
Human resources
Jurisdiction & Implementation
Public
participation
1.
2.
3.
Public awareness
Information systems
Formal & Informal framework
Financial
Mechanisms
1.
2.
3.
Government & donor funding
Economic instruments (MBIs)
Public-private partnerships
Appropriate
Technology
1.
2.
3.
Monitoring
Production & automobiles
Repair and maintenance