Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2012 Edition
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objectives Overview
Identify and briefly
describe various
broadband Internet
connections
Describe the types of
Internet access
providers
Describe how to use a
search engine to search
for information on the
Web
See Page 55
for Detailed Objectives
Explain the purpose of
a Web browser and
identify the
components of a Web
address
Describe the types of
Web sites
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
2
Objectives Overview
Recognize how Web
pages use graphics,
animation, audio, video,
virtual reality, and plugins
Identify the steps
required for Web
publishing
Explain how e-mail,
mailing lists, instant
messaging, chat rooms,
VoIP, FTP, and newsgroups
and message boards work
Identify the rules of
netiquette
See Page 55
for Detailed Objectives
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
3
The Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks
that links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Page 56
Figure 2-1
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
4
The Internet
• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September
1969 and had two main goals:
Allow scientists at
different physical
locations to share
information and work
together
Function even if part of
the network were
disabled or destroyed
by a disaster
• The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees
research and sets standards and guidelines for
many areas of the Internet.
Page 56
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
5
The Internet
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
ARPANET and
becomes
known as the
Internet
1969
ARPANET
becomes
functional
1984
ARPANET has
more than
1,000
individual
computers
linked as
hosts
Page 56
1996
Internet2 is
founded
1995 NSFNet
terminates
its network
on the
Internet and
resumes
status as
research
network
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
Today More
than 550
million hosts
connect to
the Internet
6
The Internet
• Many home and small business users connect to
the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service. Fixed wireless Internet connections are
high-speed, and utilize radio signals, towers,
antennae, satellite, etc.
Cable
Internet
service
Pages 57 - 58
DSL
Fiber to
the
Premises
(FTTP)
Fixed
wireless
Wi-Fi
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
Cellular
Radio
Network
Satellite
Internet
Service
7
The Internet
An access provider is a business
that provides individuals and
organizations access to the
Internet free or for a fee
Page 58
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
8
The Internet
Online service
provider (OSP)
Wireless Internet
service provider
(WISP)
Regional ISPs
provide Internet
access to a specific
geographical area
Has many membersonly features
Provides wireless
Internet access to
computers and
mobile devices
National ISPs
provide Internet
access in cities and
towns nationwide
Popular OSPs include
AOL (America
Online) and MSN
(Microsoft Network)
May require a
wireless modem
ISP (Internet
service provider)
Page 58
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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9
The Internet
• Cable modems are always connected to the Internet – versus the slower
“dial-up access” from days past. A dial-up modem required the user to
use their home phone line to connect to the Internet.
• Satellite modems are high-speed Internet connections that communicate
via a satellite dish.
Page 59
Figure 2-2
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
10
The Internet
• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each
computer or device connected to the Internet
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
– Top-level domain (TLD)
• A Domain Name Server (DNS) translates the domain
name (google.com) into its IP address so data route to
the correct computer
Page 60
Figure 2-3
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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11
The Internet
Page 60
Figure 2-4
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
12
The World Wide Web
• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a
worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means
for users to interact
Page 61
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
13
The World Wide Web
• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to
access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs
Internet
Explorer
Firefox
Safari
Page 61
Opera
Google
Chrome
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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14
The World Wide Web
Page 62
Figure 2-5
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15
The World Wide Web
• A home page is the first page that a Web site
displays
• Web pages provide links to other related Web
pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the process of receiving
information
Pages 62 – 64
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
16
The World Wide Web
• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or
Web address
Page 63
Figure 2-6
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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17
The World Wide Web
• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple
Web pages in a single Web browser window
Page 64
Figure 2-7
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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18
The World Wide Web
• Two types of search tools are search engines and
subject directories
Search
engine
Finds information
related to a
specific topic
Page 65
Subject
directory
Classifies Web
pages in an
organized set of
categories
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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19
The World Wide Web
Page 65
Figure 2-8
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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20
The World Wide Web
• A search engine is helpful in locating items such
as:
Images
Videos
Maps
Page 66
Audio
People or
Businesses
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
News
Blogs
21
The World Wide Web
Page 66
Figure 2-9
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
22
The World Wide Web
• There are thirteen types of Web sites
Pages 67 - 69
Figure 2-11
Portal
News
Informational
Business/Marketing
Blog
Wiki
Online Social
Network
Educational
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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23
The World Wide Web
Entertainment
Content
Aggregator
Pages 69 - 70
Figure 2-11
Advocacy
Web
Application
Personal
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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24
The World Wide Web
• Downloading is the process of a computer
receiving information, such as a Web page, from a
server on the Internet.
• An Advocacy Web Site contains content that
describes a cause, opinion, or idea.
• A Blog Web Site uses a regularly updated journal
format and has an informal style that consists of
an individual’s ideas.
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
25
Video: Tell Your Stories via Vlog
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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26
The World Wide Web
• Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages
Page 70
Figure 2-12
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
27
The World Wide Web
• Multimedia refers to any application that
combines text with:
Page 70
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28
The World Wide Web
• A graphic is a digital
representation of
nontext information
• Graphic formats include
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF
– GIF and JPEG most
common
• A thumbnail is a small
version of a larger
graphic
Pages 70 - 71
Figure 2-13
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
29
The World Wide Web
• Animation is the appearance of motion created
by displaying a series of still images in sequence
Page 71
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30
The World Wide Web
• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound
– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow
• Video consists of full-motion images that are played
back at various speeds
• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to
simulate a real or imagined environment that appears
as a three-dimensional space
Pages 72 - 73
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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31
The World Wide Web
• Streaming Audio enables users to listen to music
as it downloads to their computers.
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32
The World Wide Web
Page 72
Figure 2-14
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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33
The World Wide Web
• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability
of a Web browser
Page 73
Figure 2-15
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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34
The World Wide Web
• Web publishing is the development and
maintenance of Web pages
Plan a
Web site
Page 74
Analyze
and
design a
Web site
Create a
Web site
Deploy a
Web site
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
Maintain
a Web
site
35
E-Commerce
• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs
over an electronic network
– Anyone with access to a computer or mobile device,
an Internet connection, and a means to pay for
purchased goods or services can participate in ecommerce
Page 74
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36
E-Commerce
• B2C – the sale of goods
Businesstoconsumer
(B2C)
Ecommerce
Businessto-business
(B2B)
Pages 74 - 75
Consumertoconsumer
(C2C)
and services by a
company to the general
public
• B2B - the sale of goods
and services between
business
• C2C – when one
consumer sells directly
to another consumer
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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37
E-Commerce
Pages 74 - 75
Figure 2-16
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38
Other Internet Services
• The WWW and e-mail are
two of the more widely
used Internet services.
• E-mail is the transmission
of messages and files via
a computer network
• An e-mail program allows
you to create, send,
receive, forward, store,
print, and delete e-mail
messages
Pages 75 – 76
Figure 2-17
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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39
Other Internet Services
Page 77
Figure 2-18
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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40
Other Internet Services
Note how the at symbol (@) separates the user name
from the domain name in a typical e-mail address.
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
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41
Other Internet Services
• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses
given a single name
– Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
– Unsubscribing removes your name
Page 78
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42
Other Internet Services
• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet
communications service
Page 78
Figure 2-19
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43
Other Internet Services
• A chat is a real-time
typed conversation that
takes place on a
computer
• A chat room is a
location on an Internet
server that permits
users to chat with each
other
Page 79
Figure 2-20
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Chapter 2
44
Other Internet Services
• VoIP (Voice over IP)
enables users to speak
to other users over the
Internet
– Also called Internet
telephony
• FTP (File Transfer
Protocol) permits file
uploading and
downloading
Page 80
Figure 2-21
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
45
Other Internet Services
• A newsgroup is an
online area in which
users have written
discussions about a
particular subject
– Typically requires a
newsreader
• A message board is a
Web-based type of
discussion group
Pages 80 - 81
Figure 2-22
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
46
Netiquette
• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet
behavior
Page 81
Figure 2-23
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
47
Summary
History and structure of
the Internet
World Wide Web
Other Internet services: email, instant messaging,
chat rooms, VoIP, FTP, and
newsgroups and message
boards
Page 82
Browsing, navigating,
searching, Web
publishing, and
e-commerce
Rules of netiquette
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
48
Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2012 Edition
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 2 Complete