Grade 9 Social Studies
Year End Review
• Unit 1: The United
States as a Market
Economy
• Unit 2: The
Former Soviet
Union as a Centrally
Planned Economy
Unit 3: Canada as a Mixed
Economy
UNIT 3: THE USA AS A
MARKET ECONOMY
• What factors brought
about the Agricultural
Revolution?
• What is the significance
of the the following
events/concepts/
products/people, in
moving society from the
Agricultural Revolution
to the Industrial
Revolution?
• Enclosure Acts
• Townshend’s FourYear Crop Rotation
• Tull’s seed planting
machine
• Kay’s Flying Shuttle
• Hargreaves’
Spinning Jenny
• Arkwright’s Water
Frame
• Crompton’s Mule
• Watt’s Steam Engine
• McAdam’s roads
Cottage Industry vs.
Factory System
• What are some
features of
cottage industry?
• How would these
features affect
both quality of
life and standard
of living?
• What are some
features of the
factory system?
• How would these
features affect
both quality of
life and standard
of living?
As society moved from cottage
industry to the factory system,
what are some of the major
changes that occurred?
Industrial Revolution
Spreads to America
• What were some
incentives which may
have encouraged Sam
Slater to smuggle his
work documents from
Great Britain to
America?
• What impact did Slater’s
actions have on the
Industrial Revolution in
America?
• How did the small arms
industry lead to mass
production techniques?
• Eli Whitney was
influential in developing
the two ideas within
mass production
techniques:
interchangeability of
parts and division of
labour. What do these
terms mean?
Developing American
Industry
• What is a trigger
industry, and which
industries hold this title
in Great Britain and in
America?
• Why were incentives
needed to develop the
railroad industry in
America, and once
developed, what all did
this industry stimulate?
• Rockefeller had an
enormous impact on the
oil industry. What were
his biggest
contributions, both
positive and negative, to
this American industry?
• Ford perfected the
assembly line techniques
and mass production
techniques. How did he
use these concepts to
bring high mass
consumption?
Industry
• Many American’s
believed that it was their
destiny to occupy and
control the North
American continent;
what name did this idea
have?
• What are some of the
factors to consider when
locating secondary
industries?
• The Homestead Acts of
1862 encouraged
economic development in
America. How did they
do this and what were
some negative sides to
this expansion?
• Which industry
(primary, secondary,
tertiary, or quaternary)
employs the most
people?
Government, Business and
Labour
• What is the primary goal
of business, of
government, and of
labour?
• What are the two basic
roles of government in
America?
• How is the Federal
Reserve System an
example of the
government affecting the
American economy?
• What are the three main
advantages of
corporations?
• Who owns a corporation
and who runs a
corporation?
• What are the main
concerns of American
labour organizations in
today’s rapidly changing
economy?
The Market Economy
• What are the four basic
economic questions all
societies must answer?
• What is the difference
between producers and
consumers?
• Economics is described as
the science of scarcity; the
basic rule of economics is
that you cannot have
everything. How does this
relate to wants and needs,
and supply and demand?
• Every society has three
basic kinds of resources,
called the factors of
production. Describe each
of the factors of
production.
• Describe the relationship
between supply and
demand and equilibrium
price.
• What are the three main
advantages of the market
economy, and what is the
main disadvantage?
• What do supporters of a
free market economy value
most?
Entrepreneurs
• What is an
entrepreneur?
• What are the major
characteristics of an
entrepreneur?
• What role do
entrepreneurs play
in the market
economy?
• What does the term
venture capital
mean?
• What are some
characteristics of a
business manager?
• What are the main
differences between
an entrepreneur and
a manager?
The Consumer
• What does the term
Consumer
Sovereignty mean?
• What are some
arguments both for
and against
advertising in the
market economy?
• What does the term
Consumerism mean?
• Why does the
government get
involved in the
economy by passing
regulations for
producers?
• Who has more power
in the economy, the
consumer or the
producer?
Economic Values
• How does Adam
Smith’s idea of the
invisible hand relate
to a free market
economy?
• What is the
difference between
quality of life and
standard of living?
• How is quality of life
for Americans
affected by economic
values?
• What are examples
of decisions which
negatively impact
quality of life, while
positively impacting
standard of living?
•
UNIT 2: THE USSR AS A
CENTRALLY PLANNED
ECONOMY
What was the
• Nicholas II was the last
significance of Karl
Marx’s writing, The
Communist Manifesto, to
the Russian people?
• What policies did Tsar
Alexander III implement
that made the Russian
people unhappy and
contemplate revolution?
• What is the difference
between a proletariat
and a capitalist?
Tsar of Imperial Russia.
What policies did he
continue from Alexander
III that encouraged the
Russian Revolution?
• What was the
significance of Bloody
Sunday?
• How did WWI worsen
the situation in Russia,
just prior to the
revolution?
Revolution and Lenin
• Summarize the
February/March
Revolution.
• Summarize the
Bolshevik
Revolution
(October/November
Revolution).
• Why were the
Bolsheviks
successful in their
revolution?
• What was Lenin’s
policy of War
Communism?
• Why did he decide to
abandon War
Communism?
• What was Lenin’s
New Economic
Policy (NEP) which
replaced War
Communism?
Stalin
• What made Stalin’s
rule Totalitarianist?
• What were the major
goals of Stalin’s Five
Year Plans?
• What was
collectivization and
what impact did it
have on the Soviet
people?
• What was the impact
of Stalin’s Five Year
Plans on the Soviet
Union?
• How did Stalin’s way
of ruling the Soviet
Union, make it a
centrally planned
economy?
Khrushchev and Brezhnev
• What was
Krushchev’s
policy of deStalinization?
• What was the
significance of
the Cuban Missile
Crisis on the Cold
War?
• What was
Brezhnev’s policy of
re-Stalinization?
• How would you
summarize his
policy’s of détente
and the Brezhnev
Doctrine?
Features of the Soviet
System
• Explain the five
features of the
Soviet System
• How did state
ownership and
control and central
planning of
production affect
both industry and
agriculture?
• How did the features
of the Soviet System
affect the social
(living) conditions
in the former Soviet
Union?
Gorbachev and Changing
the System
• What problems existed
when Gorbachev came to
power?
• What does the term
Perestroika mean, and
what did Gorbachev
hope it would
accomplish for the Soviet
Union?
• What four policies were
the foundation of
perestroika?
• What does the term
democratization mean,
and what changes did it
bring?
• What does the term
Glasnost mean and what
changes did it bring?
• Why did Gorbachev’s
policies of change not
solve all the problems in
the former Soviet Union?
Collapse of the Soviet Union
• How were Yeltsin
and Gorbachev
similar, and how did
they differ?
• What were the main
reasons for the coup
of August 1991, and
who was taking
power?
• What were the main
factors resulting in
the failure of the
coup?
• What were the
significant events
after the coup and
leading up to the
collapse of the Soviet
Union in January of
1992?
Unit 3: Canada as a Mixed
Economy
• How has technology
had both positive
and negative impact
on both standard of
living and quality of
life?
• How has changing
technology affected
the workplace?
• What is the
definition of
technology, and is it
always related to
production?
• What are the three
types of technology
and examples of
each?
Politics and Technology
• What is politics?
• Canada is a
democracy, whose
government is
controlled by rule of
the majority. What
does this mean?
• What are some
factors that must be
considered when
making political
decisions?
• What four things do
all levels of
government in
Canada need in order
to take action?
• What does the term
disparity mean and
how does it relate to
politics?
• What is the main
goal of government?
Responding to Economic
Change
• What is an economy?
• What is a budget and
how is it used by
government?
• What are some ways the
Canadian government
deals with scarcity and
inequity?
• What is the difference
between private and
public enterprise?
• What are commodities?
• What three things should
the government of a
mixed economy provide
according to Keynes?
• What are some examples
of Crown Corporations
and why are they in
existence?
• What does the term
privatization mean and
why does it occur?
Change in Industry, Politics,
Environment and Society
• Some economists
trace Canada’s
history using the
staple thesis. What
does this theory
state?
• What are examples
of innovation in all
four levels of
Canadian industry?
• What are some
examples of the
public and private
sector getting
involved in creating
change in Canada
due to changing
technology?
• What are the
significant changes
technology is having
on society?
Additional Key Terms and
Concepts
• Global Village
• Capitalism, private
enterprise, free market
economy, laissez faire,
private ownership
• Centrally planned
economy, command
economy, public
enterprise, collective
economy/ownership,
socialism, communism
• Capital
• Economic systems are
based on different values
about how resources are
allocated. What are the
key values of a market
economy, centrally
planned economy, and a
mixed economy?
• Deficit vs. surplus
• Social services
• Automation,
mechanization,
innovation, efficiency
•