• Get ready for your quiz!
• After your quiz, complete the “Treaty of
Versailles” Worksheet individually
• BJOTD: What happens when two oxen bump into each other?

• The peace discussions took place at the
Palace of Versailles in 1918.
• 32 nations met. The Big Four were:
– USA (Woodrow Wilson), France, Great Britain,
Italy

• Woodrow Wilson came up with the
Fourteen Points, which outlined a plan for a just and lasting peace worldwide
– Freedom of trade and seas
– Aid to colonial people
– Redrawing borders of countries
– 14 th point: the creation of a general group that would protect all nations
– Main Idea: Self-determination
• People have the right to decide the fate of their own nation

• France wanted to treat Germany very harshly
• June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed
– Germany lost a lot of territory and had military restrictions
– Germany was held to blame for the war: “war guilt”
– Germany had to pay for all the damage: 33 billion
– Germany lost all of its territories

• Germany is not allowed to have tanks, airplanes, submarines, large warships and poison gas.
• During 15 years Germany is not allowed to station troops on the left border of the river
Rhine and in a 50 km strip on the right border of the Rhine.
• The total size of the Germany army is not to exceed 100.000 men.
• The German navy has a maximum of 15.000 men.

“You must carve in your heart
These words, as in stone
What we have lost
We will regain!”

• League of Nations-adopted from Wilson’s
14 th point
– International peace group
– The 5 allied powers were permanent members of the executive council
• US, Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan
– Germany and Russia left out

• Other treaties were signed with Austria-
Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. All resulted in the loss of territory
– Austria-Hungary lost Austria, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia
– Russia lost Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
(all became independent nations)

• The nations created out of the former
Ottoman Empire were not independent: they were mandates of France and Great Britain
– Mandate: a commission by the League of Nations to create a responsible government in a former colony
• Iraq, Palestine, and Transjordan=Great
Britain; Syria and Lebanon=France

• America refused to sign the treaty and decided to stay out of all European affairs
• Germans were angry because they got all the blame for the war
• Colonial participation in the war led to increased colonial demands for independence
• Japan and Italy did not gain as much territory as they wanted and so became bitter
• The League of Nations was weak and did not have the power to mediate conflicts

• New technology
• 8.5 million soldiers dead
• 21 million wounded
• Many civilians died of starvation, disease and slaughter
• War cost 33 billion dollars
• Acres of land were destroyed
• Italy, Japan, Russia and Germany are all very unhappy

• Page 381- Skill builder 1 and 2
• Page 383- #3
• Page 383- Skill Builder 1 and 2
• Page 385- Focus on Graphs – ALL 3