Mandate System
• During World War I, Great Britain & France agreed
to divide up large portions of Ottoman Empire in
the Middle East
• After the war, “mandate system” gave Great
Britain & France control over lands that became:
– Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine (British controlled)
– Syria and Lebanon (French controlled).
• This division of Ottoman Empire (through
mandate system) led to future conflicts in Middle
East
Highlight – Britain
Highlight – France
THE BIG FOUR
David Lloyd-George
[Great Britain]
Vittorio
Orlando
[Italy]
Woodrow Wilson
[USA]
Georges Clemenceau
[France]
Woodrow Wilson - USA
• President of the USA
• Wilson was an idealist and
reformer, who wanted to build a
better and more peaceful world
• He didn’t want the Treaty to be too
harsh as he believed this would
lead to revenge
• He wanted to set up a peace
keeping body – The League of
Nations
• http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudi
es/worldhistory/leagueofnations/zoo
m.weml
David Lloyd George – Great
Britain
• He was a realist
• An experienced politician
who realized there must be
compromise
• But the people of Britain
wanted revenge
• He knew this would lead to
war but he represented the
people
George Clemenceau France
• Clemenceau had seen
France invaded by
Germany in 1870 and 1914,
he wanted to make sure this
would never happen again
• France had suffered greatly
during the War they wanted
compensation and revenge
• Uncompromising
Vittorio Orlando - Italy
• Wanted land and territory
for Italy
• Walked out of the meeting
when he didn’t get his way
in April 1919
• Returned to sign the
Treaty in May
Wilson’s Plan for Peace
President Wilson’s goals for peace after World War I,
known as the Fourteen Points, included the following:
· an end to secret agreements among nations
· freedom of the seas, free trade, and a limit on arms
· allow national groups to choose which government they
wished to live – concept known as self-determination
• 14th point = League of Nations
WAR GUILT CLAUSE
NO UNION WITH AUSTRIA
Germany had to accept
blame for starting WW1
THE TERMS
OF THE TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
1919
GERMAN OVERSEAS
TERRITORRIES
Germany lost Chinese
ports, Pacific Islands,
and African colonies
GERMANY’S MILITARY
FORCES REDUCED
- Army restricted to
100,000 men.
REPARATIONS
Germany forced to pay
massive fine for war
damages - 1,000,000,000
Marks (6.6bn pounds).
The Treaty was designed
to cripple Germany
militarily, territorially and
economically
- No modern weapons
such as tanks, military air
force.
- Navy could not have
battle ships over 10,000
tons and no U-Boats.
RHINELAND TO BE DE-MILITARISED
Area in between
GERMAN NATIONAL TERRITORY
France & Germany
- Germany lost national territory which was given
to Belgium and Denmark, most went to Poland.
-Alsace-Lorraine returned to the French
The Great War
was to see the
collapse of four
continental
empires. These
were to be
replaced by new
nation states.