BELL QUIZ: USE PAGES 711-717
1) What Bolshevik leader became the first leader of
the new Soviet Union?
2) What form of government did the Bolsheviks
create in the Soviet Union?
3) Name President Wilson’s plan for peace once
the allies were victorious in WWI.
4) How far from Paris had the Germans advanced
in May 1918?
5) Name the leaders of the Paris Peace Conference
that became known as the Big 4? What country
was not invited to the conference?
BELL QUIZ ANSWERS
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Vladimir Lenin
Communism
14 Points
37 Miles
Woodrow Wilson (U.S.), David Lloyd George
(Britain), Georges Clemenceau (France),
Vittorio Orlando (Italy). Russia was not
invited to attend cause they had quit the war
and were fighting a civil war.
THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION
• Vladimir Lenin leads the
Bolshevik party to victory
in the Russian Revolution.
• Slogan=peace, bread, and
land.
• Czar Nicholas II is executed.
• Russia changes its name to
the Soviet Union and
becomes communist.
• Russia quits WWI by
signing a peace treaty with
Germany in March 1918.
What is Communism?
• Theory:
A) The Social class with the economic power also
had social and political power.
B) There are 2 classes of people in every society:
The “Haves” and the “Have-Nots”.
Capitalists (Haves): own capital-land, money, and
machinery.
Workers: (Have-Nots): own only their labor.
Communism
• In 1919 Vladimir Lenin led the successful
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, installing
communism.
• Communism: A) economic and political
system based on a 1 party government ruled
by a dictatorship. B) Private Property is
confiscated and turned over to the state to
equalize power and wealth. C) Government
owns all factories and businesses, controlling
production and prices.
You Tube Video
• Communism Explained Temp File for Marxim
Lesson (Communism Explained)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0d4EkeBd
1VE&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode
=1&safe=active
Communism Explained
YouTube Video Questions
1. How is wealth distributed in communist societies?
2. What type of leaders are usually in charge of
communist governments?
3. How does capitalism exploit the proletariat
(workers)?
4. According to the Communist Manifesto how far
would communism spread?
5. In communist societies who controls the entire
economy?
6. What is socialism?
BELL QUIZ: USE PAGES 398-403
1. Name 12 countries that were created in Europe
and the Middle East after WWI. (Use map on page
400)
2. Why did the U.S. senate not ratify the Treaty of
Versailles and join the League of Nations?
3. Name the leaders of the Paris Peace Conference
that became known as the Big 4?
4. Why was Germany upset with the Treaty of
Versailles?
5. Why was Russia not invited to attend the Treaty of
Versailles?
BELL QUIZ ANSWERS
1. Europe: Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Lithuania,
Latvia, Estonia, and Finland. Middle East: Syria, Iraq,
Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan.
2. Americans feared that the League of Nations would
drag America into wars that did not concern them.
3. Woodrow Wilson (U.S.), David Lloyd George (Britain),
Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy).
4. Germany was forced to sign the “War-Guilt Clause”, pay
$32 billion in war reparations, relinquish their colonies
in the Pacific Ocean, and reduce their military to a very
small number.
5. Russia had quit the war in 1917 and went home to deal
with the Bolshevik Revolution (Communist Revolution).
WILSON’S 14 POINTS
• U.S. President Woodrow
Wilson’s 14 points=plan for
world peace.
• Points 1-5: Issues that must
be addressed to prevent
future wars (no secret
alliances, reduction in
military #’s, etc).
• Points 6-13: European
boundary changes.
• Point 14; League of Nations.
DEFEAT OF THE CENTRAL POWERS
1) After Russia quits the war Germany pulls all
their troops from the Eastern front and moves
them to the western front in an offensive
against France.
2) Germany gets to within 37 miles from Paris.
3) The U.S. enters the war in May 1918 and sends
troops to France to drive the Germans back.
4) Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), and
Austria-Hungary all surrender.
5) Germany signs an armistice in November 1918
when Germany’s soldiers mutiny and refuse to
fight due to fatigue and hunger.
MILITARY LOSSES IN WWI
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
8.5 total million soldiers killed.
21 million wounded.
Germany had 1.8 million soldiers killed.
1.5 million Russians killed.
France had 1.4 million killed.
Austria-Hungary and Great Britain lost 1
million.
7) The U.S. had 110,000 casualties in just 10
months of fighting.
8) Cost of war=$300 billion.
THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
1) In January 1919 the allies met in Versailles,
France to dictate the terms of peace.
2) The Big 4 dominated the conference: Woodrow
Wilson (U.S.), David Lloyd George (Britain),
Vittorio Orlando (Italy), and Georges
Clemenceau (France).
3) Russia is not invited to attend because they
had quit the war in March 1918 and were
currently fighting the Russian civil war
(Communist Revolution). Russia is way upset!
4) Germany will be blamed for staring WWI and
will pay the heaviest price.
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
1) Germany forced to sign the “war guilt clause”,
making them admit guilt to starting the war.
• Must pay $32 billion dollars in war reparations
or damages (equal to $393.6 billion U.S.
dollars in 2015).
• Germany could have no military draft; a
maximum army of 10,000 soldiers; could not
build artillery, tanks, airplanes or submarines;
all German colonies were taken away.
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
2) LEAGUE OF NATIONS
* Goals: promote international cooperation and to keep
peace among nations by settling disputes and
reducing armaments.
* Members of the League agreed not to go to war over
any disputes. Instead they would submit a dispute to
the world Court and try to arrive at a compromise.
* If a nation broke this agreement, the League would
impose penalties such as breaking diplomatic
relations or impose economic sanctions (blocking
trade).
* Military force would be used only as a last resort.
START OF THE LEAGUE
• The U.S. senate voted against joining the League
of Nations even though it President Wilson’s
idea.
• Why? The U.S. did not want to get dragged into
a war over issues that did not concern them.
• 42 Nations joined the League in 1920.
• Germany joined in 1926. The Soviet Union
joined in 1934.
• By 1940 there were 59 nations in the League of
Nations.
• The League of Nations becomes the United
Nations after WWII.
Chapter 11 Handout