Monroe to Jackson
The Development of the Age of the
“Common Man”
Pics
AP Outline
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8. Nationalism and Economic
Expansion:
James Monroe: Era of Good
Feelings
Panic of 1819
Settlement of the West
Missouri Compromise
Foreign Affairs: Canada, Florida,
the Monroe Doctrine
Election of 1824: end of the
Virginia Dynasty
Economic Revolution
Early Railroads
Expansion of business
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Beginning of factory system
Early labor movement; women
Social mobility; extremes of wealth
The cotton revolution in the South
Commercial agriculture
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9. Sectionalism
The South
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Cotton Kingdom
Southern trade and industry
Southern Society and culture
 Gradations of White
Society
 Nature of slavery:
“Peculiar Institution”
 The mind of the South
The North
Northeast Industry
 Labor
 Immigration
 Urban Slums
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Northwest agriculture
Westward Expansion
 Advance of agriculture frontier
 Significance of the Frontier
 Life on the Frontier; squatters
 Removal of American Indians
Setting the Stage
What is the significance of this passage?
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“We stand at this moment (1821) on the brink
of fate, on the very edge of the precipice…. We
are no longer to remain plain and simple
republics of farmers, like New England colonist,
or Dutch settlements on the Hudson. We are
fast becoming a great nation, with great
commerce, manufactures, population, wealth,
luxuries, and with vices and miseries that they
engender.”
Themes Continued
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Western Expansion- people move West, Indian
land is confiscated
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Conflict and Compromise: Slavery expands with the
movement of people West causes political compromises
(Missouri Compromise)
Industrialization- factories, cities, immigration
Transportation- networks increase, roads
(Turnpikes), canals, steamboats (Fulton), railroads
increase in this period
The Madisonian Platform=
the American System
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After the War there is a huge feeling of
Nationalism The
idea of loyalty or devotion to a nation, or
 Pride in one’s country, usually excessive
Madison unveils a program to develop the
country through the leadership of the
Federal Government:
 Military, banking, protective tariffs, internal
improvements (roads, canals), and a
national university
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Madison’s Platform
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Military
Banking- Chartering the Second Bank of the United States first bank, time ran out and paper money issued caused inflation
Bank is created 1816 became economically strong
 McCullah vs. Maryland- Marshall-ruled that the Bank was
legal and states could not tax it.
Protective Tariff- During Embargo, manufacturing in
Northeast develops, Brits produce more goods, cheaper, and
faster
Textile industrialists, (Lowell) support tariff
Even Calhoun of South Carolina, supported the tariff, because
of nationalistic or patriotic reasons.
James Monroe 1817-1825
Virginian, worked as Secretary of
State for Madison
Era of “Good Feelings”
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“Era of Good Feelings” Is a common term related to the
period of time where there was a drastic reduction of political
infighting, (Federalists are all but extinct)
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International problems are drastically reduced
High level of Nationalism and optimism
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People in the US are on the move economically, and geographically
(Westward Expansion)
Nationalism
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The idea of loyalty or devotion to a nation, or
Pride in one’s country, usually excessive
Americans look inward to developWest/transportation/economic development/
Problem-sectionalism continues
Republicans Change Views 1816-29
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Madison’s Platform
Now Supported large navy
Supported Charter of Second Bank of US
Protective Tariff
Internal Improvements
The American System
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Similar to Madison’s Platform ideas (Clay is
associated with supporting plan)
1. Protective Tariff- to pay for improvements
2. National Bank- organize finances of the
government
3. Internal Improvements- roads, canals (this
became an issue for some states’ rights
congressmen)
Panic of 1819
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In the years before 1819 European countries
were disrupted by Napoleon’s WarAmerican goods- cotton and agriculture were in
high demand, causing prices to rise
Cotton 1815-.20 cents lb
 1816-.30 cents lb
 1818-.33 cents lb
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Causes land prices to rise, many land speculators
and farmers borrow $ to buy land,
When the price of goods goes down due to
reduced demand, farmers, speculators and banks
go broke- this causes a depression for 6 years.
Webster, Calhoun and Clay
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Three Congressmen will help temper Sectional
Interests and help make compromises for a
generation.
Webster (North)
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Congressman Daniel Webster of Massachusetts 18121852
Whig
Anti-Slavery views
Wants to preserve the Union
“Liberty and Union now and forever one and
inseparable.”
Manufacturing interestsParty to a number of Compromises
Great Orator
Calhoun (Mr. Southerner)
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Congressman John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
1811-1850
Strongest Advocate of States’ Rights
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Starts as Dem-Republican
Later will be part of Democratic party
In favor of securing Slavery
Secretary of War for Monroe
Will become Vice President in
Jackson’s first Admin
Supports Nullification
John C. Calhoun said
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About Henry Clay:
“I don’t like Henry Clay, he’s a bad man an
imposter, a creator of wicked schemes. I
wouldn’t speak to him but by god I love him.”
Clay (West)
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Speaker of the House Henry Clay of Kentucky 1811-1849
(died in office)
“War Hawk” (Pro-War of 1812)
Sponsored “American System”
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Internal Improvements
Transportation network
National Bank
Protective Tariff
Brokers the Missouri Compromise- to preserve the Union
Runs for President a few times (1824)
Whig Party
Foreign Policy Under Monroe
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John Quincy Adams, the son of President John
Adams, of Massachusetts, Secretary of State for
Monroe
Follows a Nationalist policy
1. Expand American Territory
2. Reduce European Influence in the Western
Hemisphere
Canada, Florida, and the Monroe
Doctrine
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Adams negotiated Anglo-American
Convention set a final settlement to the border
of Canada- 49° parallel – legitimacy of
Louisiana Purchase
Adams-Onis Treaty (Spain) 1819Florida, after War of 1812,
 Monroe ordered Andrew Jackson to kill indians
 Seminole Indians in Florida Adams was able to get the Spanish to sell Florida to
US in exchange for assumption of American Claims
from the Napoleonic Wars
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Monroe Doctrine 1823
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Latin America was in the process of gaining independence from
Spain
European powers threatened to reassert control in the Western
Hemisphere
Adams wrote:
No (New) European Colonization in Western Hemisphere
Isolation (US will not intervene in European Wars)
Non-Intervention (Europeans were to keep their hands off the
Americas)
Significance/Effects- Americans will cite the Monroe Doctrine
in future issues of Foreign Policy
British Support
Monroe Doctrine
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Adams: “The American continents are
henceforth not to be considered as subjects for
future colonization by any European Power.”
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“Our policy in regard to Europe … is not to
interfere in the internal concerns of its power.”
Sectional Crisis and Expansion:
Missouri Compromise
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1819 Missouri wants to enter the Union as a
slave state
The issue of Slavery emerges again
North and South don’t want to lose power ie.,
votes in Congress (states had entered in pairs
slave/free especially the Senate)
1819- 11 free and 11 slaves states
Missouri Compromise
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Daniel Webster creates a deal
Missouri enters the union as a slave state
 Maine enters as a free state
 Territory of the Louisiana purchase above 36°30’
could not have slavery
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The Compromise resulted in stability of the
Union
It also resulted in increased sectional/political
division
Missouri comp map
Election of 1824
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Jackson, Adams, Clay
No clear majority in Electoral College
According to the 12th amendment,
House of Reps choose between the top three candidates with
the highest number of electoral votes
Clay throws support to Adams
Jackson won the popular vote, popular in the WEST as a military
hero- stood for slavery, nationalism, protective tariff,
Adams won the Electoral Vote
Jackson will claim a “Corrupt Bargain” was struck between
Adams and Clay- appointed Secretary of State)
Resulted in the SPLITING OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY
1824 Elect
New Parties Emerge
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Democratic Party, Supporters
of Jackson will unite (Closer
to Jeffersonian Republicans)
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Whig Party Supporters of
Henry Clay (closer to
Federalists)
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1. Protective Tariff- to pay for
improvements
2. National Bank- organize
finances of the government
3. Internal Improvementsroads, canals (this became an
issue for some states’ rights
congressmen)