Warm-up:
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Write a paragraph listing the protective equipment needed for in-line skating, bicycling, and skateboarding, and the discuss the benefits of using this equipment.

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The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and connective tissue.
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The connective tissues:
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Cushion the bones
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Attach bone to bone
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Attach bone to muscle
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Functions of your skeletal system:
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Provide support for the body.
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Protect internal tissues and organs from damage
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Act as a framework for attached muscles.
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Allow movement of limbs and digits.
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Produce new red and white blood cells.
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Store fat and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorous.

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Made up of living tissue formed into different layers.
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Compact bone layer – hard and densely packed outer layer.
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Spongy bone layer
– less dense bone with a network of cavities filled with red bone marrow, where blood cells are produced.
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Yellow bone marrow
– stores fat.
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Bones are categorized by their shape:
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Long bone
• Short bone
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Flat bone, and irregular bones
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Can you name a cone that fits each of these categories?

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There are three types of connective tissue:
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Cartilage –
• strong flexible tissue that acts as a cushion between two bones to reduce friction.
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Can also act as a flexible structure for soft parts of the body, such as?
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All bones begin in the embryo as cartilage.
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Ligament
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Band of fibrous, slightly elastic tissue that attaches one bone to another bone.
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Attach to create joints. What are some joints can you think of?
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Tendon
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Fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone.
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What are some tendons that you can name?

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Joints are points at which bones meet.
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Some joints, such as the ones between the bones of the skull do not move.
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Flexible joints are ones that move and include:
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Ball-and-socket joints
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Hinge joints
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Pivot joints
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Saddle joints
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Gliding joints
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Can you name a joint in the body for each of these types of joints?
• http://www.jeffsims.net/flash/skeleton.html

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A healthy diet, exercise, protective gear, and regular checkups are ways to care for your skeletal system.
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Foods high in calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorous help prevent skeletal disorders.
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During regular checkups, your doctor can screen for skeletal disorders like scoliosis.
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Weight-bearing activities such as walking or weight training helps bones stay strong.
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Wearing protective gear during sports reduces the risk of bone fractures.

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Poor nutrition, infections, sports injuries, and poor posture can lead to problems with the skeletal system.
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Fractures – any type of break in the bone
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Hairline fracture
– parts of the bone do not separate.
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Transverse fracture
– fracture is completely across the bone.
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Comminuted fracture
– when the bone shatters into more than two pieces.
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Compound fracture
– When broken end of bone breaks through the skin.

http://video.about.com/orthopedics/Fractures-1.htm

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Can occur from overuse, strain, or disease.
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Dislocation
– when a bone slips out of place, tearing the ligaments that attach the bone at the joint.
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Torn cartilage
– can result from a sharp blow to a joint or a severe twisting of a joint.
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Bursitis
– results from the painful inflammation of bursa, a fluid-filled sac that helps reduce friction in joints.
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Bunions
– painful swelling of the bursae in the first joints of the big toes. Wearing ill-fitting shoes can make bunions worse.
• Arthritis
– the inflammation of the joint, resulting from injury, natural wear and tear, or autoimmune disease.

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Condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue.
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Bones weaken and become brittle.
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Common in older adults.
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Bone tissue loss is a natural part of aging, but healthful behaviors during your teen years can reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis later in life.
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Eating foods containing calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorous will help bones remain strong and healthy.
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Regular weight bearing activity, such as walking and weight training, stimulates bone cells to increase bone mass.
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Do you think cases of osteoporosis will increase in the next 10,
20, 30 years? Why or why not?
• http://youtu.be/F7p23Zro7LU