Chapter 22
• Organic Chemistry
• Alkanes – all single bonded carbons
• Alkenes – at least one double bond
• Alkynes – at least one triple bond
• Isomers – same number of carbons but
different arrangement (structure)
• Naming
• Based on longest chain of carbons
1 C – Meth
6 C – Hex
2 C – Eth
7C – Hept
3 C – Prop
8 C – Oct
4 C – But
9 C – Non
5 C - Pent
10 C - Dec
• Alkanes end with ane
• Alkenes end with ene
• Alkynes end with yne
• Ex. CH3-CH2-CH3 Propane
• Ex. On Board
• Functional Groups – special attatchements
and modifications to the basic carbon
chemical
• More than one functional group can exist
on a single chemical
• Alcohols have an OH
• Carboxylic acids have an OOH
• Ethers have at O trapped between
carbons
• Esters have a trapped O and a double
bonded oxygen see pg 1058
• Aldehydes have a double bonded O at the
end of the chain
• Keytones have a double bonded O in the
middle of the chain
• Amines have an NH2 at the end of the
chain
• Halohydrocarbons have a halogen
• Naming
• We give the number of the carbon that the
functional group is located at, or the first
carbon