Introduction to Human Anatomy
and Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology
Characteristics of Life
Maintenance of Life
Levels of Organization
Organization of the Human Body
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomy and Physiology
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Anatomy – Science of body part morphology (structure).
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Physiology – Body part function.
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How does it works?
Morphology is directly tied to function. (Form fits Function)
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What does it look like?
An organ’s function depends upon how it is put together (structure).
Human organism – well-organized unit formed by organ systems
Characteristics of Life
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MR. (M)AC GRADER
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Movement
Responsiveness
(Metabolism)
Assimilation
Circulation
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Growth
Reproduction
Absorption
Development
Excretion
Respiration
Name That Characteristic
Reproduction
Name That Characteristic
Absorption
Name That Characteristic
Responsiveness/Homeostasis
Name That Characteristic
Growth (Development also)
Name That Characteristic
Respiration
Name That Characteristic
(Bowel) Movement
Name That Characteristic
Movement
Name That Characteristic
Digestion
Name That Characteristic
Circulation
Name That Characteristic
Excretion
Name That Characteristic
Starch
Assimilation
Quick Questions
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Turn to your partner and…
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Come up with an example for each of the
characteristics of life…you may not use the
examples already given!
Maintenance of Life: Requirements
of Organisms
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Western Family HOP(s)
Water:
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Foods:
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Energy, Metabolic reactions
Oxygen:
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Energy, building blocks, regulate
Heat:
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Metabolism, transport, homeostasis
Cellular respiration  Energy
Pressure:
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Breathing, circulation
Maintenance of Life: Homeostasis
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Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal
environment surrounding cells even with change
in external environment.
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Set point: Desired internal condition
Normal range: Range of internal condition that still
allow for homeostasis.
Homeostatic mechanism: Method by which stable
internal environment is maintained
Negative feedback: Homeostatic control mechanism
brings internal condition back to a set point.
Quick Questions
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Turn to your partner and…
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describe a different way in which our bodies
maintain homeostasis.
describe what responsiveness is and why it is
important to our survival.
give one reason why water is important to the
human body.
Levels of Organization
Tissue: 4 Basic Types
1. Epithelial Tissue
2. Connective Tissue
3. Muscle Tissue
4. Nerve Tissue
Quick Question
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Which is more complex a molecule or an
organelle? Why?
Organization of the Human Body:
Body Cavities
Cavities within the Head
Organization of the Human Body:
Body Cavities
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Axial Portion
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Head, neck and trunk
Organs w/n = Viscera or visceral organs
Two major cavities
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Dorsal and Ventral
Organization of the Human Body:
Body Cavities
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Axial Portion
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Dorsal Cavities
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Cranial cavity
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w/n skull
Contains brain, cranial cavity, sphenoidal sinus, frontal
sinus, Orbital cavities, middle ear cavities, nasal cavity, and
oral cavity.
Vertebral cavity/canal
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w/n backbone
Contains spinal cord
Organization of the Human Body:
Body Cavities
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Axial Portion
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Ventral Cavity
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Thoracic cavity
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Diaphragm separates from abdominopelvic
Split into two regions by Mediastinum
Contains ribs, lungs, [sternum, heart, esophagus, trachea,
thymus gland (w/n mediastinum)]
Abdominopelvic cavity
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Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity (enclosed by hip bones)
Contains stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, most
small and large intestines, bladder and reproductive organs.
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic
Membranes
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All organ structures have
three main layers:
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Parietal: membrane attached
to cavity wall
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Cavity: potential space
between two membranes.
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Continuous w/ visceral
Some contain fluid to aid in
motion and decrease friction
Visceral: membrane that
covers organ
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Continuous w/ parietal
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic
 Lungs = Pleura
Membranes
Parietal pleura
 Pleural cavity
 Visceral pleura
Heart = Pericardium
 Parietal pericardium
 Pericardial cavity
 Visceral pericardium
Abdominopelvic = Peritoneum
 Parietal peritoneum
 Peritoneal cavity
 Visceral peritoneum
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Membranes…
Anatomical Planes
Body Positions
Body Regions
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Epigastric region: “upon the stomach”
Left and right hypochondriac regions:
“beneath the ribs”
Umbilical region: “where the umbilical
cord was attached”
Left and right lumbar regions:
“associated with lumbar region of
vertebral column”.
Hypogastric region: “inferior to
stomach.”
Left and right iliac regions: “associated
with iliac bones of the pelvis