Chapter Three
The Colonies Come
of Age
Section 1:
England and Its
Colonies Prosper
Mercantilism
 Mercantilism—countries must get gold,
silver to be self-sufficient
– English colonies export raw materials to
England; import manufactured goods
– Favorable balance of trade means more
gold coming in than going out
England and Its Colonies Prosper
The Navigation Acts
 England sees colonial sales to other
countries as economic threat
 In 1651, Parliament—England’s
legislative body, passes Navigation
Acts: laws restrict colonial trade
 King Charles II takes away
Massachusetts colony’s charter
England Loosens the Reins

Salutary Neglect - does not enforce
laws strictly to avoid problems with
colonists
The Seeds of Self-Government

Colonies form local
assemblies
 Colonial assembly
influences governor
because they pay his
salary
 Colonists still consider
themselves British but
want self-government
Sir Edmund Andros, British colonial
governor in America.
Economic Development of the Colonies
Chapter 3 Sections 2-3 Pgs.72-84

Using a “foldable”
create a chart that
shows how each of
the sections of the
colonies developed
differently
Section 2:
The Rural Southern Economy

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Fertile soil leads to
growth of agriculture
Farmers specialize in
cash crops grown for
sale
Long, deep rivers allow
planters to ship goods
directly to markets
Plantations produce
most of what farmers
need on their property
Few cities grow
NEW ENGLAND
COLONIES
Yellow-Least
fertile soil
MIDDLE
COLONIES
SOUTHERN
COLONIES
Light GreenModerately
Fertile
Dark GreenMost fertile
A Diverse and Prosperous People

-In 1700s, many
German, Scots,
Scots-Irish
immigrants
settle in South,
Southern
population
mostly small
farmers
Quechee Scottish Festival in Vermont.
The Evolution of Slavery
Plantations require large labor force
 Indentured servants –too few and costly
 Slave labor seen as answer to labor
problem

The European Slave Trade

3-way
triangular
trade
connects
Africa,
Europe,
and
American
colonies
The Middle Passage

Middle Passagevoyage that brought
enslaved Africans to
the Americas
– Up to 20% die on
voyage over
Middle Passage
African slaves on the deck of a
ship in 1860.
The European Slave Trade
Interactive Map: Triangular Trade Routes
Click on the link for interactive map of
Triangular trade
 Complete the activity with this slide.

Slavery in the South and African
Culture
Most slaves work plantation fields
 10-20% work in houses
 Africans manage to keep their culture
alive-music, dance-ring shout, art

Gullah….

http://www.knowitall.org/gullahtales/

Listen to the Gullah…..
Section 3:
Commerce Grows in the North
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Diversified Economy
Cold winters, rocky soil restrict New
Englanders to small farms
Middle colonies raise livestock, crops;
export surplus
Diverse commercial economy develops in
New England, middle colonies
By mid-1700s, merchants are powerful
group in North
Witchcraft in Salem

In 1692, in Salem, Massachusetts, 2 girls accuse
a West Indian Slave woman of being a witch
 Witch hunt hysteria begins
 Result: 19 hanged, 1 crushed, 4-5 die in prison,
150 put in jail
"Examination of a
Witch" in Salem.
New Ideas Influence the Colonists

For centuries philosophers
used reason, science to
explain world
 Enlightenment—
movement in 1700s
emphasizing reason,
observation
– Enlightenment ideas spread
quickly through books,
pamphlets
– Benjamin Franklin
embraces Enlightenment
ideas
New Ideas Influence the Colonists

The Great Awakening religious revival of the 1730s
and 1740s
– Jonathan Edwards preaches
people are sinful, must seek
God’s mercy
– Native Americans, African
Americans, colonists join new
churches
– Interest in learning increases;
Protestants found colleges

Both movements question
authority, stress individual’s
importance
Section 4: The French and Indian WarBritain and France compete
In 1608, 1st permanent settlementQuebec-established
 In 1750s, Britain, France build empires;
both want Ohio River Valley
 French colonists mostly fur traders,
missionary priests
 French have good relations, military
alliances with natives

French and Indian War:
Britain Defeats an
Old Enemy
War begins over land
 Native Americans join the French
because they believe it will help them
get their land back.
 George Washington is the leader of
the colonial forces that helps the British
to defeat the French.

Results of the war

Ended by the Treaty of Paris 1763
- France forced to give up all land in
North America
- Britain agrees to keep colonists
out of land in the Ohio River Valley
with the Proclamation of 1763 –
hoped that this would satisfy the
Native Americans, but it creates
tension with colonists
British get tough with Colonists
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Britain needs money to pay
for war-Begin to crackdown
on smuggling
Enforces navigation laws
Troops stationed in colonies
New taxes are imposed to
pay for the war
Writs of Assistance – allows
British to search colonial
property w/o a warrant