Muscle Kinesiology
Anatomy & Physiology
Who came up
with those
LONG names?
Many of the names
come from Latin
and the regional
skeletal bones
How many skeletal
muscles can you
name?
Muscle Movement
Movement produced by contraction
and pulling on attached bone
Point of attachment of tendons to
bones is called ORIGINS AND
INSERTIONS
ORIGIN: attachment to
stationary/immovable bone
INSERTION: attachment to movable
bone
1. Contraction causes
insertion to be
pulled to origin.
2. Long head- tendon
attaches to scapula
3. Short headattached to clavicle
Group Action: muscles working in
groups to produce body movement
Prime Movers: (agonist) Muscles
primarily involved in being responsible for
a particular movement i.e-raising
hand(deltoid)
Antagonists: Muscles that oppose or
reverse the action of the PM.
Synergist: (helper) muscle that aids the
PM in a particular movement.
Prime mover- biceps
Antagonist-triceps brachii
Synergists- other muscles of
forearm to stabilize the elbow
joint
Primary Antagonistic Actions of
Muscular system (examples of)
1.Flexion/Extension:
quadriceps femoris and
hamstrings for hip and
knee
2.Abduction/Adduction:
lats and deltoid for arm
3.Elevation/Depression:
various parts of traps to
shrug and release
shoulders
Cont.
4.Pronation/Supination: flexor and extension
muscles in hand allow palm to turn in, palm turned
out=thumbs up/thumbs down
5.Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion:
tibialis anterior
vs tibialis posterior= foot flexion up and foot extension
down.
6.Inversion/Eversion:tibialis anterior/posterior and
fibularis longus= foot in and out
Seven ways we name muscles
CHARACTERISTIC
Description
EXAMPLES IN HUMANS
1.Direction of fascicles
relative to midline
rectus = parallel
transverse =
perpendicular
oblique = at 45o angle
Rectus abdominus
Transversus abdominus
External Oblique
2.Location (i.e. the
bone or body part
that a muscle
covers)
3.Relative Size
frontal bone
tibia
Frontalis
Tibialis Anterior
maximus = largest
longus = longest
brevis = shortest
Gluteus maximus
Palmaris longus
fibularis brevis
Muscle naming cont’
4.Number of Origins
(Heads)
biceps = 2 origins
triceps = 3 origins
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
5. Shape
deltoid = triangle
trapezius = trapezoid
serratus = saw-toothed
orbicularis = circular
origin = sternum
insertion = mastoid
process
flexion
extension
adduction
Deltoid
Trapezius
Serratus anterior
Orbicularis oris
Sternocleidomastoid
6. Location of Origin
and/or Insertion
7. Action of Muscle
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor digitorum
Adductor longus
Quick Quiz (2 points/bullet)
1.Points of attachment of tendons to bone
are called:
2.Muscles that oppose the prime mover
(agonist) are called what?
3.Which of the 7 ways we name muscles
helps explain the naming of the rectus
abdominus?
4. Give an example of a muscle name
based on its shape (also give the shape)?
5.What two groups of muscles work to flex
and extend the knee and hip?