The Chemistry of Acids and
Bases
Acids and Bases:
Characteristics
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
1. Give examples of acids and bases
2. List some properties of acids and bases
3. Compare and contrast the characteristics of
acids and bases
Hopefully, when we get done, you won’t be
in this much trouble!!
Acid and Bases
Acid and Bases
Acid and Bases
Acids
Have a sour taste. Ex. Vinegar is a solution of acetic
acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid.
React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas.
React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce
carbon dioxide gas
Bases
Have a bitter taste.
Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases.
Kid’s Letters
to God:
Some Properties of Acids
þ Produce H+ (as H3O+) ions in water (the
hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a
water molecule)
þ Taste sour, Corrode metals, Electrolytes
þ React with bases to form a salt and water
þ pH is less than 7, Turns blue litmus paper to red
“Blue to Red A-CID”
Some Properties of Bases
 Produce OH- ions in water
 Taste bitter, chalky, are electrolytes
 Feel soapy, slippery
 React with acids to form salts and water
 pH greater than 7
 Turns red litmus paper to blue
“Basic Blue”
How Are a Texas Tornado And a
Tennessee Divorce The Same?
 Somebody's Gonna Lose A Trailer.
Acids and Bases:
Characteristics
Let’s see if you can:
1. Give examples of acids and bases
2. List some properties of acids and bases
3. Compare and contrast the characteristics of
acids and bases
Get Your
Clicker!!!
Which of the following is not a
characteristic of an acid?
17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
7
to
n
th
a
ba
se
er
lo
w
Tu
rn
sl
a
ith
w
Re
ac
ts
pH
is
Ta
st
es
so
ur
form salt and water
4. Turns litmus paper blue
5. Produces H+ ions in
water
6. All answers are correct
13
14
15
it m
Pr
fo
od
us
..
uc
pa
es
pe
H+
rb
lu
io
Al
e
ns
la
i
n
ns
w
w
at
er
er
sa
re
co
rre
ct
1. Tastes sour
2. pH is lower than 7
3. Reacts with a base to
16
17
18
19
20
Which of the following is not a
characteristic of a base?
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
16
r..
.
an
sw
er
sa
OH
-i
18
17%
Al
l
ce
s
us
p
17
17%
...
...
17%
Pr
od
u
15
Tu
rn
sl
14
it m
ith
ac
ts
w
hi
g
is
17%
an
t. .
.
he
r
tte
bi
13
Re
2
pH
1
Ta
st
es
form salt and water
4. Turns litmus paper blue
5. Produces OH- ions in
water
6. All answers are correct
r
1. Tastes bitter
2. pH is higher than 7
3. Reacts with an acid to
17%
...
17%
19
20
The Chemistry of Acids and
Bases
Acids and Bases: Naming
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
1. Name any acid or base
2. Determine if the acid is binary or ternary
(oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming
system
Naming Acids
Binary Acids:
 Contain “H” and one other element
To Name:
Hydro + second element name + ic + acid
Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acid
Hydrochloric acid
HF =
Hydrofluoric acid
Prefix
Hydro-
Stem or root
of nonmetal
< NM >
Suffix
-ic
acid
HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal
HCl
Hydro chlor ic
HI
Hydro iod ic acid
H2S
Hydro sulfur ic acid
acid
Naming Acids (cont.)
Ternary Acids (oxyacids):
 Contain “H”, “O” and one more element
To Name:
Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid
Ex: HNO3 = Nitr-ate  ic + acid
Nitric acid
HClO3 =
Chloric acid
 An easy way to remember which goes with
which…
 “In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”
Naming Acids (cont.)
 If the acid has one more oxygen than the root
acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name:
Per + Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid
Ex: HNO4 = Per + Nitr-ate  ic + acid
Pernitric acid
H2SO5 =
Persulfuric acid
Naming Acids (cont.)
 If the acid has one less oxygen than the root
acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name:
Ex:
Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid
HNO2 = Nitr-ite  ous + acid
Nitrous acid
H2SO3 =
Sulfurous acid
Naming Acids (cont.)
 If the acid has two less oxygens than the root
acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name:
Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid
Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite  ous + acid
Hyponitrous acid
HClO =
Hypochlorous acid
Acid Nomenclature Review
Anion
Ending
No Oxygen
w/Oxygen
Acid Name
-ide
hydro-(stem)-ic acid
-ate
(stem)-ic acid
-ite
(stem)-ous acid
“In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”
Acid Nomenclature Flowchart
ACIDS
start with 'H'
2 elements
3 elements
hydro- prefix
-ic ending
no hydro- prefix
-ate ending
becomes
-ic ending
-ite ending
becomes
-ous ending
Summary of Naming Ternary Acids
Acid Nomenclature Review
• HBr (aq)
• H2CO3
• H2SO3

hydrobromic acid

carbonic acid

sulfurous acid
Name ‘Em!
 HI (aq)
Hydroiodic acid
 HCl (aq)
Hydrochloric acid
 H2SO3
Sulfurous acid
 HNO3
Nitric acid
 HClO4
Perchloric acid
Practicing Naming All Acids
Formula
HCl
Binary or
Ternary
B
Name
Hydrochloric acid
HI
B
Hydroiodic acid
HNO2
T
Nitrous acid
H2SO5
T
Persulfuric acid
H3PO2
T
Hypophosphorous acid
H4C
B
Hydrocarbonic acid
Chemical Compound Quiz
Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry
white and bright. What is the common
name?
Bleach
Naming Bases
 Name the metal first
 Add hydroxide
Ex:
NaOH =
KOH =
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Some Common Bases
NaOH
sodium hydroxide, lye
KOH
potassium hydroxide, liquid soap
Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide, stabilizer for plastics
Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide “MOM”
Milk of magnesia
Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)
Tell you what, I’ll follow you!!
Practice Naming Bases
Formula
Name
NaOH
Sodium hydroxide
Fe(OH)3
Iron (III) hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
Magnesium hydroxide
Ni(OH)2
Nickel (II) hydroxide
NH4OH
Ammonium hydroxide
Acids and Bases: Naming
Let’s see if you can:
1. Name any acid or base
2. Determine if the acid is binary or ternary
(oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming
system
Get Your
Clicker!!!
Name HCl.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrochloric acid
Chloric acid
Perchloric acid
Chlorous acid
Hypochlorus acid
I have no idea!!
Who cares??
Name HClO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrochloric acid
Chloric acid
Perchloric acid
Chlorous acid
Hypochlorus acid
I have no idea!!
Who cares??
Name HClO3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrochloric acid
Chloric acid
Perchloric acid
Chlorous acid
Hypochlorus acid
I have no idea!!
Who cares??
Forgetter Be Forgotten?
My forgetter's getting better,
But my rememberer is broke
To you that may seem funny
But, to me, that is no joke.
For when I'm 'here' I'm
wondering
If I really should be 'there'
And, when I try to think it
through,
I haven't got a prayer!
Forgetter Be Forgotten?
Oft times I walk into a room,
Say 'what am I here for?'
I wrack my brain, but all in
vain!
A zero, is my score.
At times I put something away
Where it is safe, but, Gee!
The person it is safest from
Is, generally, me!
Forgetter Be Forgotten?
When shopping I may see
someone,
Say 'Hi' and have a chat,
Then, when the person walks
away
I ask myself, 'who the hell was
that?
Yes, my forgetter's getting better
While my rememberer is broke,
And it's driving me plumb crazy
And that isn't any joke.
Name HClO4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrochloric acid
Chloric acid
Perchloric acid
Chlorous acid
Hypochlorus acid
I have no idea!!
Who cares??
Name HClO2.
ho
W
12%
ca
re
s?
?
id
ea
...
12%
o
av
en
Ih
ch
lo
r
ou
s
sa
cid
ou
12%
a.
..
12%
Hy
po
lo
r
Ch
hl
or
ic
ic
a
Pe
rc
lo
r
Ch
12%
ac
i..
.
12%
cid
12%
or
ic
a.
..
oc
hl
ch
lo
r
Hy
dr
og
en
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrochloric acid
Chloric acid
Perchloric acid
Chlorous acid
Hypochlorous acid
I have no idea!!
Who cares??
Hy
dr
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
...
12%
Name H2SO4
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
ic
ac
Pe
id
rs
ul
fu
ric
ac
Su
...
lfu
ro
us
Hy
ac
po
id
su
lfu
ro
us
Ih
...
av
en
o
id
ea
...
W
ho
ca
re
s?
?
ic
...
12%
Su
lfu
r
os
ul
fu
r
Hy
dr
og
en
Hydrogen Sulfate
Hydrosulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid
Persulfuric acid
Sulfurous acid
Hyposulfurous acid
I have no idea!!
Who cares??
Hy
dr
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Su
lfa
...
12%
Name H3PO3
ho
W
12%
ca
re
s?
?
id
..
ea
...
12%
o
or
ou
.
av
en
os
ph
Hy
po
os
ph
Ph
12%
Ih
ph
ou
sa
c..
.
.
12%
or
sp
h
ho
or
Pe
rp
os
ph
12%
ic
ac
..
ci.
..
12%
ic
a
ic
...
sp
h
ho
op
12%
Ph
ph
Hy
dr
og
en
Hydrogen phosphite
Hydrophosphic acid
Phosphoric acid
Perphosphic acid
Phosphorous acid
Hypophosphorous acid
I have no idea!!
Who cares??
Hy
dr
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
os
p.
..
12%
Name HNO.
12%
ca
re
s?
?
ea
...
ho
W
av
en
o
us
Ih
tro
12%
id
ac
..
ac
id
ni
us
12%
.
12%
Hy
po
ca
cid
12%
Ni
tro
itr
i
Ni
tri
c
ac
id
12%
Pe
rn
.
12%
itr
ic
ac
..
on
Ni
tr
Hy
dr
og
en
Hydrogen Nitrite
Hydronitric acid
Nitric acid
Pernitric acid
Nitrous acid
Hyponitrous acid
I have no idea!!
Who cares??
Hy
dr
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
i..
.
12%
Name Sr(OH)2
1. Strontium (II) Hydroxide
2. Strontium Oxygen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
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26
27
28
29
30
14%
14%
14%
14%
14%
(I I
)..
.
m
St
O
ro
xy
nt
g.
..
iu
m
Ox
St
ro
yh
nt
...
iu
m
Hy
St
dr
ro
.. .
nt
in
oi
St
cA
ro
c..
nt
.
iu
m
Di
hy
. ..
No
tl
ist
ed
14%
11
12
13
nt
iu
St
ro
nt
iu
m
Hydrogen
Strontium Oxyhydride
Strontium Hydroxide
Strontinoic Acid
Strontium Dihydroxide
Not listed
St
ro
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
14%
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Name Fe(OH)3
17%
17%
17%
17%
(I I
I)
Hy
d.
Iro
..
n
Hy
dr
ox
id
e
Iro
ni
cA
cid
Iro
n
(I )
Hy
dr
Iro
o.
n
..
Ox
yh
yd
rid
.. .
No
tl
ist
ed
Iron (III) Hydroxide
Iron Hydroxide
Ironic Acid
Iron (I) Hydroxide
Iron Oxyhydride
Not listed
17%
Iro
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
17%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
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25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
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14
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16
17
18
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20
Red-Neck Innovations: