Blood and
hematopoiesis
1. Blood compounds and
functions
2. Plasma
3. Erythrocytes
4. Leucocytes
5. Theories of hematopoiesis
6. Stem cell structure and
functions
7. Embryonic and postembryonic
hematopoiesis
8. Classes of hematopoietic cells
9. Main features of different
hematopoietic lines
Blood=cells + plasma
(RBC+WBC+PL)
Leucocytes
eosinophil
• Functions
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. Trophic
2. Respiration
3. Protection
4. Excretion
5. Homeostatic
6. Transport
HEMATOPOIESIS –
blood compounds development
(blood cells and plasma)
THEORIES OF
HEMATOPOIESIS
• POLYPHYLETIC THEORY –
each mature blood cell type is
derived from its own distinct
stem cell
• MONOPHYLETIC THEORY
(A.A. Maximov) – there is one
stem cell, which can form all
the mature blood cells types.
• Multipotential stem cell
(CFU-S – colony-formingunit of spleen)
Hematopoietic stem cell
Differences between embryonic and
postembryonic hematopoiesis
embryonic
postembryonic
Histogenesis of
blood
Blood physiologic
regeneration
Extracorporal
(extraembryonic)
Intracorporal
Intravascular
Extravascular
Occurs in different
organs
Megaloblastic
erythropoiesis
mesoblastic
RBM
Normoblastic
CLASSES
OF HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS
• I class – polipotent (pluripotent)
stem cell.
• II class – hemistem cells for
lymphocytopoiesis and
myelopoiesis.
• III class – unipotent cell
(committed) sensitive to exact
hemopoietin (erythropoietin,
leykopoietin, thrombopoietin).
• IV class – blasts (young actively
dividing cells).
• V class – maturing cells.
• VI class – an “adult” mature cells
in peripheral blood.
ERYTHROPOIESIS
1. Decrease in cell size (from 20 till 8 мm)
2. Ejection (extrusion) of the nucleus
3. Accumulation of hemoglobin in the
cytoplasm
4. Basophily decrease and acidophily
increase
GRANULOCYTOPOIESIS
GRANULOCYTOPOIESIS
• 1. Decrease in the cell size
• 2. Chromatin condensation
• 3. Changes in nuclear shape
(flattening – indentation –
lobulation).
• 4. Accumulation of
cytoplasmic granules.
LYMPHOCYTOPOIESIS
LYMPHOCYTOPOIESIS
• 1. Begins in red bone marrow
and then continues in lymphoid
tissue.
• 2. Lifespan various in different
types of lymphocytes.
• 3. Antigenindependent
development – in the central
hematopoietic organs (red bone
marrow and thymus) and
antigendependent – in peripheral
ones (spleen, lymph nodes and
nodules).
MONOCYTOPOIESIS
• 1. Decrease in cell diameter.
• 2. Decrease in nuclear
diameter.
• 3. Cytoplasm basophily
decreases.
• 4. Nucleus changes its
shape from round to kidneylike
MONOCYTOPOIESIS
Megakaryocyte