 As we have learned…
 Imperialism-the policy or practice of extending a
country's influence over other territories by conquest,
colonization, or economic domination.
 Imperialism leads to countries searching for more
power. It’s human nature.
 This also leads to Nationalism.
 From Grade School, we are taught to love our country.
 Examples
 Nationalism is the devotion to the interests of one’s
nation; or aspirations for independence in a country
under foreign domination.
 Example: 9/11 Nationalism
 http://youtu.be/1lKZqqSI9-s
 Militarism-The glorification of armed strength and the
ideals of war; increase in military spending.
 Technology going crazy due to the Industrial
Revolution.
 Dreadnought
 1830’s-Percussion Cap
 1840’s-Dryse Needle Gun
 1850’s-Minie Ballhttp://youtu.be/D6_r6eB_nQY
 1884-Maxim Gun
 1889-Australian Manlicker
 1891-Russian Moissan
 1903-American Springfield
 Imperialism and Nationalism both lead to building
alliances.
 Alliance- a formal relationship between two or more
countries to work together.
 Refer to Map from yesterday.
 The Central Powers consisted of Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire. (GABO) The
Ottoman Empire-present day Turkey.
 Geographical features allowed this to occur.
 Britain, France, and Russia comprised The Triple Entente.

In 1882 Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bosnia formed the Central
Powers, Later Joined by the Ottoman Empire. The three countries
agreed to support each other if attacked by either France or Russia.
France felt threatened by this alliance. Britain was also concerned by
the growth in the German Navy and in 1904 the two countries signed
the Entente Cordiale (friendly understanding). The objective of the
alliance was to encourage co-operation against the perceived threat of
Germany.
 Three years later, Russia, who feared the growth in the German Army,
joined Britain and France to form the Triple Entente.
 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the
Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife were
assassinated in Sarajevo June 28, 1914 .
 They were assassinated in Bosnia by Gavrilo Princip a
member of a secret terrorist society known as The
Black Hand.
 This was the spark that started World War I.
 Many Americans and American Leaders viewed World
War I as a European war and sought to stay neutral.
 Woodrow Wilson re-elected President of the United
States with campaign slogan: "He kept us out of the
war"
 The war had been in cession for almost 3 years before
the United States declared war on the Central Powers.
 American troops in France fire their first shot in
trench warfare. 500,000 troops were sent to fight.
 The Lusitania was a British luxury ocean liner. Almost
all her hidden cargo consisted of munitions and
contraband destined for the British war effort.
 On May 7At 2:10 in the afternoon a torpedo fired by
the German submarine U 20 slammed into her side. A
mysterious second explosion ripped the liner apart.
Chaos reigned. Most passengers never had a chance.
Within 18 minutes the giant ship slipped beneath the
sea. One thousand one hundred nineteen of the 1,924
aboard died. The dead included 114 Americans.
 On January 31, Germany stated that U-boats would sink all
ships in British waters—hostile or neutral—on sight.
 Zimmermann Note—a telegram from the German foreign
minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was
intercepted by British agents.
 The telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and
Germany and promised that if war with the United States
broke out, Germany would support Mexico in recovering
“lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.”
 In January 1917, President Woodrow Wilson called for “a
peace without victory…a peace between equals,” in which
neither side would impose harsh terms on the other.
 Wilson hoped that all nations would join in a “league for
peace” that would work to extend democracy, maintain
freedom of the seas, and reduce armaments.
 The Germans ignored Wilson’s calls for peace. Germany
was hoping to defeat Britain by resuming unrestricted
submarine warfare and blockaded Britain.
 On January 31, Germany stated that U-boats would sink all
ships in British waters—hostile or neutral—on sight.
 Zimmermann Note—a telegram from the German foreign
minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was
intercepted by British agents.
 The telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and
Germany and promised that if war with the United States
broke out, Germany would support Mexico in recovering
“lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.”
 To meet the government’s need for more fighting power,
Congress passed the Selective Service Act in May 1917.
 The act required men to register with the government in
order to be randomly selected for military service.
 By the end of 1918, 24 million men had registered under the
act.
 400,000 African Americans served in the armed forces.
African American soldiers served in segregated unites and
were excluded from the navy and marines.
 A person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20
years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying
anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the war effort.
 These laws clearly violated the spirit of the First
Amendment. Their passage led to over 2,000 prosecutions
for loosely defined antiwar activities; of these, over half
resulted in convictions.
 Not only did the United States have to create a vast army
that was well equipped and well trained, the U.S. had to
find a way to transport men, food, and equipment over
thousands of miles of ocean.
 The U.S. government exempted many shipyard workers
from the draft and gave others a “deferred” classification,
delaying their participation in the draft.
 U.S. Chamber of Commerce joined in a public relations
campaign to emphasize the importance of shipyard work.
 Shipyards used fabrication techniques. Instead of building
an entire ship in the yard, standardized parts were built
elsewhere and then assembled at the yard.
 As a result, on just one day—July 4, 1918—the United States
launched 95 ships.
 The government took over commercial and private ships
and converted them for transatlantic war use.
 The new weapons and tactics of World War I led to horrific
injuries and hazards.
 The fighting men were surrounded by filth, lice, rats, and
polluted water that caused dysentery.
 Physical problems included a disease called trench foot,
caused by standing in cold wet trenches for long periods of
time without changing into dry socks or boots.
 First the toes would turn red or blue, then they would
become numb, and finally they would start to rot.
 On November 3, 1918, Austria-Hungry surrendered to the
Allies.
 Although there were no Allied soldiers on German territory
and not truly decisive battle had been fought, the Germans
were too exhausted to continue fighting.
 So at the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, in the eleventh
month of 1918, Germany agreed to a cease-fire and signed
the armistice, or truce, to end the war.
Wilson presented his plan for world peace known as his
Fourteen Points.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
There should be no secret treaties among nations.
Freedom of the seas should be maintained for all.
Tariffs and other economic barriers among nations should be
lowered or abolished in order to foster free trade.
Arms should be reduced “to the lowest point consistent with
domestic safety, thus lessening the possibility of military
responses” during diplomatic crises.
Colonial policies should consider the interests of the colonial
peoples as well as the interests of the imperialist powers.
 The fourteenth point called for the creation of an
international organization to address diplomatic crises like
those that had sparked the war.
 This League of Nations would provide a forum for nations
to discuss and settle their grievances without having to
resort to war.