Warm up
► First
get your history notebook from the
back crate.
► Next turn to the first clean page and make a
circle map. In the middle circle put
exploration and around it put anything you
already know about exploration.
Next Page in
Folder
On the outside, top of the folder you are to create a
timeline. Leave space between dates we will be
adding more as we learn the events
1492
Put what
belongs
here
Put what
belongs
here
1607
1620
Put what
belongs
here
Put what
belongs
here
1776
1803
Put what
belongs
here
Put what
belongs
here
18611865
The Age of Exploration
Europe Encounters the World
What are we learning today
8.2A Identify reasons for
European exploration and
colonization of North America.
8.2 B Compare economic, religious, and social
reasons for the establishment of the 13 English
colonies.
Why did explorations happen when
they did?
►A
variety of factors all came together
to make the time period (1450-1700)
the “age of exploration”
►Some of these factors were pushes,
external forces acting on Europe
►Some were pulls, motivations and
things that attracted the Europeans
How did these explorations begin?
The first to encourage new
ship explorations was
Prince Henry of Portugal,
known as “Prince Henry
the Navigator”
► Started an institute for
seafaring and exploring
► Combined ship technology
learned from Islam with
new European innovations
► By the time of his death in
1460, Portuguese had
sailed as far south as the
Gold Coast of West Africa
►
What are we learning today?
8.2A Identify reasons for European
exploration and colonization of North
America.
What were the new technologies that
enabled explorations?
► The
caravel was a new, faster,
more maneuverable ship
► Older
ships had square sails,
caravels had triangular sails
(easier to change direction)
► Bilge
pump system enabled ship
to float higher (less likely to
run aground, easier to explore
coasts and rivers)
► Compass,
astrolabe, maps and
other technologies from Islamic
culture all helped make
explorations possible
Growth in Trade
► In
the Middle Ages
Marco Polo (1254-1324)
returned from China and
encourage an increase in
trade.
► Emergence
of Powerful
European Rulers
Wanted to extend their influence
through exploration.
► Desire
for Profits
Capitalist economy was just
emerging and people were seeing
new wealth from investment and
trade.
►
Religious Enthusiasm
Missionaries from Spain and
Portugal sought to spread Christian
religion.
What is the easiest way to
remember it all?
► The
Three G’s:
 Gold
 Glory
 God
► Although
a little simplistic, this
mnemonic is a great way to
remember the main motivations
of the European explorers.
► Gold
The First G: Gold
was a hot item that explorers were looking
for, but remember that it is really wealth ($$$),
not just literal gold that explorers were after.
► Europe needed gold (and silver) to fuel the rising
banking system
► Europeans also desired spices
► Other natural resources would come to be sold for
profit as well (timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, etc.)
► This competition will be enhanced by the idea of
mercantilism, the idea that there is only so
much wealth in the world, and that to make your
kingdom strong you must have more gold and
wealth than the other kingdoms
Exploration--Mercantilism
Financial Reasons for
Exploration--Mercantilism
Principles of mercantilism:
Nation’s wealth depends
on capital.
Labor
Land
capital= one of the factors
of production
bullion (gold or silver). A
nation needed as much as
possible.
Capital
mercantilism
tenets of mercantilism
► 1.Mercantilism is : Trade=money= power
for the mother country
► converted into other forms of power: such
as military instruments, influence, and territory
The New territory exist for the Mother Country.
► Fundamental
mercantilism
1.Mercantilism is : Trade=money= power
For Whom?????
►
►
►
►
Governments need raw materials for products
produced in the nation. They get the raw materials from the
colonies at a low price that they use to make a product
that they sell back to the colonies at a high price.
Governments controlled corporations and trading
companies.
Governments regulated production so nation
could be exporting more than it imported.
Sought exclusive trading rights with foreign
powers and “new world,” which led to rivalries with
other European powers.
Established in the colonies for purpose of bring wealth
back to the mother country.
Think- Write- Pair Share
Explain the first reason for European Exploration?
The first reason for European Exploration is
What does Gold represent ?
In European exploration gold represents
What is mercantilism?
Mercantilism is the economic process that
The second G: Glory
►
►
►
►
The Triumph of Fame, a Flemish
tapestry from 1502.
Just like the first G, Gold,
Glory was a relatively new
idea in Europe
Came out of the
Renaissance ideal of
Humanism, and the focus
on individual achievement
With the rise of the
printing press, the idea of
gaining fame for one’s
actions was more possible
Also, individual kings
wanted glory for their
kingdoms, competition
spreads
The second G: Glory
►
►
Spanish colonies were very successful in brining wealth
and pride to Spain, so England and France wanted the
same thing.
Workers/Farmers: wanted to move up the social ladder.
Think- Write- Pair Share
► What
was the second reason for European
Exploration?
The second reason for European exploration
was _________________________
Define what it means by Glory
The term glory means
The third G: God
► Europeans
have always felt it was their godly duty to
spread Christianity and convert non-believers to their
form of Christianity.
► After the Protestant Reformation, competition will
spring up to convert people to their form of
Christianity
► Colonization of the new world will become a race to
convert native peoples to a particular brand of
Christianity
► Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the most active
► People came to the New World to be able to practice
their religion without fear of persecution
Think- Write - Pair Share
► What
is the third European reason for
Exploration?
The third reason for European exploration is
Use your notes above to complete the
Cause section of your thinking map
Exploration
Effects of European Exploration
► Spanish
Explorers claimed “New Spain” which is
present day Mexico.
► France set up Fur trade with the Native American in
“New France which was Ohio River valley to the
Mississippi River and up into Canada.
► England (Great Britain) claimed the land along the
Atlantic Ocean called it the thirteen colonies.
Major Powers Exploring
England/
Great Britain
Spain
as
Mexico, Texas,
and the West
Coast of U.S.
France
as
United States
colonies along
the East Coast
Ohio River Valley
and Canada
Exploration led to colonization of the new
world which shifted wealth and power away
from Mediterranean region to the countries
of Western Europe toward Spain, England
and France.
Spain was enriched by American gold and silver.
Spanish colonies were very successful in bringing
wealth and pride to Spain. This led to England and
France to start Exploration and colonization.
Effects of Exploration
• England rulers desired to stake a claim for lands and
riches to match Spain’s wealth.
• France set up a fur trade with Native American to
gain wealth.
Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange : exchange of plants, animals and diseases
between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that occurred
after 1492
Columbian Exchange
Europe introduced
Sugar, wheat,
oranges, grapes,
and onions
Horses, sheep,
goats, cows, cats,
and rats
Diseases: smallpox,
typhus, cholera,
and measles
New World introduced
Corn, tomatoes,
potatoes, and chocolate
Tobacco, Quinine
turkey
Now complete your Cause and Effect thinking Map
Exploration
Warm up:
Front of Yellow Folder
► Right
below the timeline you need to define
Colonization: establishment of settlers and
traders from a nation in an area outside the
nations boundaries; European nations
established colonial empires for:
Gold
Gold
Glory
You are going to decorate this area.
8.2b Compare political, economic,
religious, and social reasons for
the establishment of the 13
English colonies.
Economic ($$$)
Social (way of life) includes religion
Political (government)
What did the Americas have to
offer to the people
Pushing them out
of Europe
What was pulling people away
from Europe and pushing them
to the New World?
Pull towards America
What did Americans have to offer?

Religious persecution
Strict government rule

Religious freedom
Less restricted
government
 Beginning of self-rule
Less resources
King nobles owned land
Very few opportunities
Untapped resources
Could purchase cheap land
Tons of opportunities
► What
are the push and pull factors that
influenced immigration to the New World?
► The factors that pushed Europeans out of
Europe are __________________________
and the pull factors that brought the
immigrates to American are ____________
► Some
force.
migration is not always by choice but by
Can you think of an example of forced migration?
Do you think that if they were forced to move they are still
immigrates? Why or Why not
Once you decide go to the sign that says yes or no or
undecided and be ready to support your choice.
8.2 B: compare political, economic ($),
religious, and social reasons for the
establishment of the 13 English colonies.
The Political, economic, religious and
social reasons for English Exploration
$$$$ making and spending
money
--New Merchant class:
wanted to get rich
through overseas trade
--Middle /Lower class:
wanted a better life- could
not afford to live in
England.
-- Unemployed farmers:
wanted to own land
Way of life –how they lived
day to day including religion
Workers/Farmers: wanted
to move up the social
ladder.
England Higher class was
forcing Debtors, prisoner
and to get them out of
England
Religion
Immigrants came to
practice their own
religious beliefs without
persecution
Government
Wanted to escape the
King’s strong control
Get away from the
nobles and the caste
system
Rivalry with Spain and
wanting England to be
better.
European Peoples Gold reason
for coming to New World
. New Merchant class wanted to get rich
through overseas trade.
Middle/Lower class: wanted a better life and
could not afford to live in England but could
in the new world.
Unemployed farmers wanted to own land
The second G: Glory
►
►
Spanish colonies were very successful in brining wealth
and pride to Spain, so England and France wanted the
same thing.
Workers/Farmers: wanted to move up the social ladder.