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
The ability to dissolve or break down into its
component ions in a liquid
Example:

NaCl is soluble
 Completely dissolves in water

AgCl is insoluble
 Stays a solid in water

Li, Na, K, NH4, NO3 are all soluble




Therefore, anything that contains these ions are
soluble
Cl, Br, and I are soluble except when paired
with Ag, Hg2, and Pb
SO4 is soluble except with Sr, Ba, Pb, or Ca
OH, S, CO3, PO4 are insoluble except when
paired with Li, Na, K, NH4

Determine whether each of the follow
compounds is soluble or insoluble:

AgBr
 Insoluble – Br is normally soluble but not when its with
Ag

CaCl2
 Soluble

Pb(NO3)2
 Soluble – NO3 is always soluble

NH4Cl
 Soluble - NH4 and Cl are both soluble


A reaction in which a solid is formed upon
mixing two aqueous solutions
Example:

Potassium Iodide + Lead Nitrate
2 KI (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) -> 2 KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s)

Write an equation for the precipitation reaction
that occurs (if any) when solutions of sodium
carbonate and copper (II) chloride are mixed.
Na2CO3 (aq) + CuCl2 (aq) ->

Write an equation for the precipitation reaction
that occurs (if any) when solutions of lithium
nitrate and sodium sulfate are mixed.
Li2NO3 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) ->

Molecular Formula

An equation that shows the complete neutral
formula for every compound
AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) -> AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq)

Complete Ionic Equation

An equation that shows the reactants and products
as they are present in solution
Ag+ (aq) + NO3- (aq) + Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) ->
AgCl (s) + Na+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)

Spectator Ions


Ions that are present on both the reactant and
product side.
They do not participate in the reaction
Ag+ (aq) + NO3- (aq) + Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) ->
AgCl (s) + Na+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)

Net Ionic Equation

An equation that eliminates the spectator ions and
shows only the elements or compounds that are
participating
Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) -> AgCl (s)

Consider the following reaction:
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) -> H2O (l) + NaCl (aq)



What is the complete ionic equation?
Which ions are the spectators?
What is the net ionic equation?